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Öğe A new species from Turkey, Sorbus erzincanica (Rosaceae); inference from genomic data and morphometry(Springer London Ltd, 2022) Dönmez, Ali A.; Aydın, Zübeyde Uğurlu; Tuna, MetinSorbus has an extensive speciation in Turkey and among its species, an unusually distinctive population was discovered in the Irano-Turanian phytogeographical region. Specimens of the population are closely related to S. aucuparia with several important distinctive characteristics: the outline of the leaves, shape of terminal leaflets, numbers of flowers, fruits per infructescence, fruit size and genome size. Based on the distinguishing morphological characters and the genomic data, the population is described as a new species with the name Sorbus erzincanica. Measurements of the nuclear DNA content of the proposed new species, closely related taxa (S. aucuparia, S. roopiana) and the other Sorbus species which occur in the same habitat (S. umbellata and S. kuznetzovii) are presented for the first time. The micromorphology of leaves and seed surfaces of the new species were investigated using SEM. A morphometric study using twenty characters from twelve specimens was carried out using principal coordinate analysis. The leaf architecture of S. erzincanica is very similar to that of the British local endemic S. pseudomeinichii, an autopolyploid apomictic species generated from several parents.Öğe A new species from Turkey, Sorbus erzincanica (Rosaceae); inference from genomic data and morphometry (Jun, 10.1007/S12225-022-10021-8, 2022)(Springer London Ltd, 2022) Dönmez, Ali A.; Aydın, Zübeyde Uğurlu; Tuna, Metin[No Abstract Available]Öğe Analysis of genetic diversity among Onobrychis accessions with high agronomic performance by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers(Springer, 2022) Sütçü, Tuğba Bilgen, Behiye Banu Tuna, Metin; Bilgen, Behiye Banu; Tuna, MetinBackground Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. is a short-lived perennial cool-season legume used for forage production. It is a common native species in Asia Minor, especially in Turkey, the districts of the Caucasus, and the Caspian fringes. It can grow well in a broad range of climatic and soil types found in Asia, Europe, and North America. It is a non-bloating crop, making it suitable for use in both hay and pasture. Methods and results The aim was to assess the diversity of the 83 sainfoin genotypes selected based on their high agronomic performance from a germplasm collection evaluated in the experimental field of Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Turkey. Ten nuclear simple sequence repeat (nSSR) primers (OVK036, OVK046, OVK094, OVK101, OVK125, OVK161, OVK174, OVM033, OVM061, and OVM125) were used in the study. All nSSR loci were found to be polymorphic and totally 92 alleles were detected. The mean observed number of alleles per locus was calculated as 9.2. Among the genetic diversity parameters, Shannon Index (I = 0.375), unbiased genetic diversity value (uh = 0.243), and mean polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.240) were calculated. The genetic distance value varied between 0.43 and 0.95. Based on the dendrogram built by the UPGMA clustering method using genetic distance values, it was observed that the studied sainfoin genotypes were divided into two main clusters, whereas the STRUCTURE analysis results had high support for three clusters. Conclusions The results obtained from this study provide important information on the genetic structures of the studied sainfoin genotypes and their genetic relationship. Therefore acquired genetic data will be useful in designing more efficient polycross nurseries, allowing open pollination of best performing and genetically diverse genotypes in the isolated conditions, which will increase genetic gain in sainfoin breeding programs.Öğe Assessment of heavy metal stress in the adaptation strategies of Tulipa luanica growing on serpentine soil through some biomarkers in comparison to Tulipa kosovarica(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Osmani, Mirsade; Gashi, Bekim; Elezaj, Isa R.; Tuna, MetinThe aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of how Tulipa luanica adapts to growth in soil with higher concentrations of heavy metals and to assess potential toxic effects using various biomarkers, in comparison to Tulipa kosovarica, a typical serpentine species. For this purpose, we analyzed the concentrations of Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the soil, as well as their accumulation in plants and their associated stress effects. The results indicate that, despite the presence of some metals in very high concentrations in the soil (Al, Fe, Mn, and Ni), they are translocated in minimal amounts within plant organs, particularly in T. luanica. Nearly all metals exhibited significantly higher concentrations in T. kosovarica when compared to T. luanica. Based on the analysis of biomarkers, it is apparent that T. luanica shows greater sensitivity to these conditions. This is evident through the decreased activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and levels of delta-aminolevulinic acid, malondialdehyde, and glutathione observed in T. luanica. It appears that T. luanica effectively restricts the absorption of metals in serpentine soils; however, it experiences oxidative stress induced by these metals, setting it apart from the more resilient T. kosovarica.Öğe Assessment of the genetic stability of indirect shoot organogenesis-derived plantlets of digitalis trojana ivanina by flow cytometry and cytological analyses(Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty, 2017) Çördük, N.; Yücel, G.; Akıncı, Nihan; Tuna, MetinIn this study, flow cytometry and cytological analysis was used to evaluate the genetic stability of Digitalis trojana Ivanina plants regenerated via indirect shoot organogenesis. For in vitro propagation, leaf explants were excised from seedlings grown in sterile conditions and cultured MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA. Shoots and calli were subcultured for a period of 2 weeks for shoot multiplication. For rooting, shoots were separated individually and transferred to MS medium containing 0.1% activated charcoal. Genetic stability of the regenerated plants was assessed by flow cytometry and cytological analyses. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that regenerated plantlets has as 2.80±0.03 pg nuclear DNA (2C) and seed-derived plants has on average 2.80±0.1 pg/2C. Cytological analysis showed that regenerated plantlets have the same number of chromosome with seed-derived plantlets of D. trojana (2n=56). Our results have showed that the plantlets propagated in MS medium with 3 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA did not differ genetically from donor plants. Therefore, this system can be effective and suitable for clonal propagation of D. trojana. Our results also confirmed that flow cytometry is fast, easy, accurate and relatively cheap method to determine ploidy of in vitro propagated D. trojana plantlets. © 2017 Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All Rights Reserved.Öğe Assessment of Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey accessions using universal rice primers and molecular cytogenetics(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021) Tiryaki, İskender; Baytekin Karaoğlu, Gülhan; Yücel, Gülru; Tuna, MetinThe aim of this study was to make morphological and molecular characterization of tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) accessions naturally found in Canakkale flora, Turkey. The seeds collected from 24 different locations in Canakkale vicinity were planted in the nursery field to determine thirteen morphological parameters. Twelve universal rice primers (URPs) were used to reveal genetic relationship among the accessions while ploidy analysis was done based on the nuclear DNA content of plants determined by Flow cytometer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was used to determine 5S and 45S rDNA distributions on mitotic chromosomes. The agro-morphological data showed significant variation among the accessions for all parameters measured, except the number of nodes per plant. Twelve URP primers produced 73 alleles in total and 63 of those were polymorphic. The highest polymorphism information content value was obtained from URP 17R with 0.82. The first three components of Eigen values in PCA analysis explained 41.1% of total variation. The 2C nuclear DNA contents of the accessions ranged from 41.17 to 45.49 pg. All the accessions were determined as decaploid with 2n = 70 chromosomes. FISH analysis provided 18–20 interstial 5S rDNA and 12–14 terminal 45S rDNA loci. The results concluded that tall wheatgrass accessions used in this study contain a significant variation in morphological traits and PCR-based DNA polymorphism which could be used as a new genetic resource in breeding programs of tall wheatgrass and wheat improvement for intra- and intergeneric crosses. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature.Öğe Autotetraploid plant production in endemic Onobrychis elata with colchicine treatments(Druckerei Liddy Halm, 2019) Avcı, Süleyman; Tuna, Metin; Kaya, Mehmet DemirThis study aimed to induce autotetraploidy in endemic Onobrychis elata plants by colchicine treatment of seeds or seedlings. Colchicine was applied to O. elata directly on germinated seeds, pre-germinated seeds (root length of 3-8 mm), and apical regions (using cotton) under in vivo conditions. Out of a total of 1,210 colchicine-treated seeds that were evaluated, only 203 survived. There was an inverse relationship between the number of surviving plants and colchicine concentration and exposure time. The highest percentage of tetraploidy in surviving plants (50%) was obtained by applying 0.2% colchicine for 6 hours to pre-germinated seeds. No significant tetraploidy was achieved by colchicine application to seedlings. Flow cytometry observations indicated that DNA content varied between 0.99 and 1.06 pg in diploid plants (controls), while DNA content varied between 2.22 and 2.48 pg in tetraploid plants. It was concluded that tetraploid plants were induced successfully only in seedlings obtained from pre-germinated seeds, with their ploidy level confirmed via flow cytometry analysis.Öğe Bazı Parlak Brom (Bromus catharticus Vahl.) Hatlarında Farklı Olgunlaşma Dönemlerinin Ot Verimi ve Yem Değeri Etkisi Üzerine Bir Ön Çalışma(2021) Özdüven, Mehmet Levent; Okuyucu, Berrin; Tuna, MetinAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; Tekirdağ ekolojik koşullarında farklı olgunlaşma zamanlarında hasat edilen bazı parlak brom hatlarının ot verimleri, besin madde içerikleri, nispi yem değeri ve in vitro sindirilebilir organik madde miktarı üzerine olan etkisini incelemektir. Materyal ve Metot: Araştırmanın bitkisel materyalini başaklanma başlangıcı, tam başaklanma ve çiçeklenme başlangıcı döneminde hasat edilen 20 farklı parlak brom hattı oluşturmaktadır. Hasat edilen bitkiler tartılarak yeşil ot verimleri, 65 °C’de kurutularak kuru ot verimleri belirlenmiş ve kimyasal analizleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Farklı olgunlaşma zamanlarında hasat edilen hatlarda kuru madde, ham kül, ham protein, nötr deterjan, lif ve asit deterjan lif içerikleri sırasıyla %18.85-34.60, 5.14-9.28, 7.27-19.60, 47.85- 62.18 ve 24.76-34.45 arasında değişmiştir. Yeşil ot verimleri 567-4754 kg/da, kuru madde verimleri 114.04-1338.50 kg/da, organik madde verimleri 105.00-1216.20 kg/da, sindirilebilir organik madde verimleri 84.32-32-748.23 kg/da arasında değişmiştir. Parlak brom hatlarına ait kuru ot örneklerinin kimyasal özellikleri, nispi yem değeri ve in vitro organik madde sindirilebilirliği hasadın yapıldığı zaman ve hatta göre değişiklik göstermiş ve farklılıklar istatiski olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.01). Sonuç: Olgunlaşma döneminin ilerlemesiyle kuru madde, nötr deterjan lif ve asit deterjan lif oranları artarken, ham protein, ham kül, nispi yem değeri ve in vitro organik madde sindirilebilirliği önemli düzeylerde azalmıştır. Bununla birlikte birim alandan elde edilen yeşil ot, kuru madde, organik madde, ham protein ve sindirilebilir organik madde verimleri ise artmıştırÖğe Characterization of nuclear DNA content and chromosome numbers of Tulipa luanica Millaku, T. kosovarica Kit Tan, Shuka & Krasniqi and T. albanica Kit Tan & Shuka(University of Ljubljana, 2023) Osmani, Mirsade; Tuna, Metin; Elezaj, Isa R.The Balkan Peninsula is considered an important centre of native tulip species. Tulipa kosovarica and Tulipa luanica are new species recently discovered in Kosovo, and Tulipa albanica in Albania. The current study aims at the investigating the nuclear DNA content and chromosome number of these three tulipa species in order to provide for the first time data on their genome size and differences among these three Tulipa species. Analysis of nuclear DNA content was performed by flow cytometer (Partec CyFlow Space) in mature fresh leaves for each Tulipa species. Samples for chromosome analysis were taken from the root tip meristem of the bulbs. Results showed significantly higher amounts of nuclear DNA (2C) in T. luanica compared to T. kosovarica and T. albanica. The chromosome number for these three species was 2n = 2x = 24, while the chromosome sizes of T. luanica resulted larger, compared to that of T. kosovarica and T. albanica. A correlation between the nuclear DNA content and chromosome size was found among these tulipa species. Moreover, nuclear DNA content and chromosome sizes of T. luanica, T. kosovarica and T. albanica showed clear differences among these species. © 2023 University of Ljubljana. All rights reserved.Öğe Chlorophyll biosynthesis suppression, oxidative level and cell cycle arrest caused by Ni, Cr and Pb stress in maize exposed to treated soil from the Ferronikel smelter in Drenas, Kosovo(Elsevier, 2024) Gashi, Bekim; Buqaj, Liridon; Vataj, Rame; Tuna, MetinAlthough certain trace elements are essential for normal plant functionality, an excessive increase in their concentration can disrupt plant development and physiology due to phytotoxicity. This study aims to determine the toxic tolerance limits for different concentrations of Ni and Cr (50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm) and Pb (20, 50, 100, and 200 ppm) in maize seedlings grown in soil collected near the Ferronikel smelter in Drenas, Kosovo. We will assess these limits using sensitive biomarkers, including 8-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity, 8-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) content, chlorophyll content, glutathione (GSH) levels, and lipid peroxidation (MDA), as well as by evaluating DNA content and cell cycle dynamics. All the investigated heavy metals showed a significant increase in concentration in leaves; in particular, Ni showed a strong significant association between its concentration in treatment and in the leaves. At concentrations of 400 ppm, Ni and Cr had significant negative effects on all biomarkers, with ALA-D activity inhibited by up to 50%, and total chlorophyll content significantly decreased. A robust correlation was observed between Ni and Cr and the level of cellular oxidative stress in leaves, as monitored through GSH, lipid peroxidation, and ALA levels. Additionally, the cell cycle, especially in the G1 and G2/M phases, was arrested. These findings emphasize the significant adverse impact of high concentrations of Ni and Cr in plant metabolism. This research contributes to our understanding of managing and mitigating heavy metal contamination in agricultural areas and its potential implications for plant defense mechanisms.Öğe Chromosomal diversity and karyotypes in diploid and polyploidy species in the grass genus Bromus L.(Springer, 2007) Tuna, Metin; Schwarzacher, Trude; Heslop-Harrison, J. S.[No Abstract Available]Öğe Chromosome characterization and genome size in Nigella and Garidella species (Ranunculaceae) with their taxonomic implications(Univ Tokyo Cytologia, 2024) Aydin, Zubeyde Ugurlu; Eroglu, H. Erhan; Senova, M. Koray; Martin, Esra; Tuna, Metin; Donmez, Ali A.Detailed karyological analyses of the Nigelleae tribe which includes taxa belonging to both genera Garidella and Nigella were performed. All studied taxa are diploid with 2 n = 12 and all the chromosomes are Ranunculus-type, chromosome size is large, and all taxa exhibit metacentric chromosomes. The karyotype formulas for Nigella and Garidella are 10m+2st and 12m, respectively, and only Nigella orientalis has satellite (SAT) chromosomes among the studied taxa. Secondary constrictions were documented in N. elata and N. orientalis . Genome size was determined using flow cytometry (FCM) and 2C genome sizes of some diploid Nigella species ranged from 21.25 to 23.48 pg. In contrast, a much smaller genome size, 17.68 pg, was determined in Garidella nigellastrum . UPGM cluster analyses were carried out to evaluate the correspondence between chromosomal features and the taxonomy of the tribe. The results showed that karyological parameters are highly useful in taxonomic delimitation at the generic level.Öğe Concentration of some metals in soil and plant organs and their biochemical profiles in Tulipa luanica, T. kosovarica and T. albanica native plant species(Springer, 2018) Osmani, Mirsade; Tuna, Metin; Elezaj, Isa R.The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of some metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ca and Mg) in soil of serpentine and limestone sites, their bioaccumulation and impact on some biochemical parameters in T. luanica, T. kosovarica and T. albanica plants. T. kosovarica and T. albanica grows in serpentine soil, while T. luanica grow in limestone soil. The research showed that concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni were significantly higher at serpentine soil sites in comparison with limestone sites, while concentrations of Pb, Cd, Co and Cr in bulbs, leaves and seeds were under the limit of detection. The concentration of Ni in plant samples of T. kosovarica was significantly higher in comparison with its concentration in T. albanica, but it was under the limit of detection in T. luanica. Moreover, concentrations of Al and Fe in leaves of T. kosovarica and T. albanica were higher in comparison with T. luanica. The concentration of Mg was significantly higher in T. kosovarica and T. albanica than in T. luanica. The delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, malondialdehyde and glutathione contents in leaves of T. luanica were higher in comparison with T. kosovarica and T. albanica. In addition, the amounts of total chlorophyll and delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in leaves of T. albanica were higher in comparison with T. kosovarica and T. luanica. Our findings show that target organs of metal accumulation in three Tulip species appears to be leaves[seeds[bulbs, while the biochemical parameters show that limestone sites represent a less stressful habitat for growing these plant species in comparison with serpentine sites.Öğe Determination of intraspecific nuclear DNA content variation in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) lines and cultivars based on two distinct internal reference standards(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2012) Tiryaki, İskender; Tuna, MetinThe 2C nuclear DNA contents of 40 common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) lines and cultivars were determined by using both safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as internal reference standards in flow cytometry analysis and correlated with plant morphological characters and 1000-seed weight. The t-test results showed a significant difference between the mean DNA values of the barley and safflower standards (t = -16.74, P = 0.0001). Data analysis also indicated significant (P < 0.01) intraspecific nuclear DNA content variation within the common vetch lines and cultivars for both internal standards used. The DNA content values ranged from 3.342 pg to 3.652 pg and from 3.600 pg to 4.002 pg for the internal standards of safflower and barley, respectively. The DNA differences within the internal standards were 0.310 pg and 0.402 pg for safflower and barley, respectively. The internal standard of barley constantly produced higher DNA content values than the values of safflower standard for all vetch lines and cultivars. Nuclear DNA content differences between 2 internal standards for the same plant material reached as high as 15.59% (0.540 pg), which is equivalent to 528.12 Mbp DNA. No significant correlations between 1000-seed weight and the nuclear DNA contents of barley (P < 0.51) or safflower (P < 0.76) were detected.Öğe Determination of Nuclear DNA Content and Ploidy of Hypericum perforatum L. Accessions Collected from Western Turkey(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2017) Savaş Tuna, Gülsemin; Duyu, Gözde; Uzun, Kardelen; Yücel, Gülru; Tuna, MetinHypericum perforatum L. (St John's Wort) is a medicinal plant that produces pharmaceutically important compounds with antidepressive and anticancer activities. H. perforatum is a facultative apomictic species as it has the ability to reproduce with multiple reproduction mechanisms affecting genetic structure and chemical composition of the plants. The objective of this study was to determine nuclear DNA contents and ploidy levels of H. perforatum L. plants growing naturally in the flora of Turkey. The seeds of 39 Hypericum perforatum L. accessions collected from 23 different locations in Turkey were used in the study. Nuclear DNA contents of three different seedlings for each of the 39 H. perforatum accessions were determined using flow cytometry. Based on the results of flow cytometric analysis, nuclear DNA contents of the accessions varied between 0.8-2.57 pg 2C(-1). Nuclear DNA content differences observed among H. perforatum accessions were statistically significant (P<0.01) and the Duncan test revealed that the accessions formed three clearly distinguishable main groups. Mean nuclear DNA contents of each group were 0.80 pg 2C(-1), 1.58 pg 2C(-1) (1.36-1.73 pg 2C(-1)) and 2.38 pg 2C(-1) (2.15-2.57 pg 2C(-1)). Ploidy levels were determined by correlating nuclear DNA content of accessions with the number of their mitotic chromosomes by counting chromosome number of one plant from each group. Findings suggest that H. perforatum accessions used in this study had the following three different ploidy levels: diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid. The percentages of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid accessions were 2.2, 86.4 and 11.4% respectively.Öğe Determination of Some Characteristics of Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) Populations Collected from Natural Areas of Eskisehir for Breeding Purposes(2018) Erdoğdu, İlker; Sever, A. Levent; Aygün, Celalettin; Tuna, MetinThe aim of the research is obtaining material and information for breeding of new varieties which can beused as pasture and forage plant in Central Anatolia and resembling regions. Some of the cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.)seeds, collected from natural areas in 2010-2011, and were sent with passport information to the Gene Banks in Ankara andIzmir. The rest of the seeds were grown in greenhouse and then transfered to the field. In 2012, 32 populations were identified byobserving (according to 1-9 and 1-5 scale) and measuring some characteristics. Then, mean and standard error values of theobtained data were determined. The mean values of the populations in main stem length, main stem thickness, flag leaf length,flag leaf width, number of nodes, internode length, growth pattern, rust resistance, winter resistance and tillering capacitychanged between 43.9-72.4 cm, 2.0-3.3 mm, 7.8-16.0 cm, 2.9-5.4 mm, 2.3-4.5, 7.5-16.0 cm, 6.4-8.8, 6.6-8.0, 4.7-8.3 and 5.4-8.1,respectively. The relations between the characteristics were examined by correlation analysis. Furthermore, ploidy levels ofsome single plants selected from the natural populations for breeding purposes were determined by flow cytometry analysis andall of these plants studied were found tetrapolid.Öğe Determination of Some Characteristics of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Populations Collected from Natural Areas of Eskisehir for Breeding Purposes(2018) Erdoğdu, İlker; Sever, A. Levent; Aygün, Celalettin; Tuna, MetinThe aim of the research is obtaining material and information for breeding of new varieties which can beused as turf and pasture plant in Central Anatolia and resembling regions. Some of the perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)seeds, collected from natural areas in 2010-2011, send with passport information to the Gene Banks in Ankara and Izmir. Therest of the seeds were grown in greenhouse and then transferred into field. In 2012, 17 populations were identified by observing(according to 1-9 and 1-5 scale) and measuring some characteristics. Then, mean and standard error values of the obtained datawere determined. The mean values of the populations in main stem length, main stem thickness, flag leaf length, flag leaf width,number of nodes, internode length, growth pattern, rust resistance, winter resistance, tillering capacity, and leaf color changedbetween 30.2-48.7 cm, 1.9-2.8 mm, 5.7-10.8 cm, 3.3-4.9 mm, 2.6-3.7, 2.7-6.7 cm, 3.8-8.0, 3.8-7.9, 5.2-8.8, 5.1-9.0, and 3.9-5.0,respectively. The relations between the characteristics were examined by correlation analysis. Furthermore, ploidy levels ofsome single plants selected from the natural populations for breeding purposes were determined by flow cytometry analysis andall of these plants studied were found diploid.Öğe Development of SSR markers and analysis of diversity in Turkish populations of Brachypodium distachyon(Bmc, 2009) Vogel, John P.; Tuna, Metin; Budak, Hikmet; Huo, Naxin; Gu, Yong Q.; Steinwand, Michael A.Background: Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) is rapidly emerging as a powerful model system to facilitate research aimed at improving grass crops for grain, forage and energy production. To characterize the natural diversity of Brachypodium and provide a valuable new tool to the growing list of resources available to Brachypodium researchers, we created and characterized a large, diverse collection of inbred lines. Results: We developed 84 inbred lines from eight locations in Turkey. To enable genotypic characterization of this collection, we created 398 SSR markers from BAC end and EST sequences. An analysis of 187 diploid lines from 56 locations with 43 SSR markers showed considerable genotypic diversity. There was some correlation between SSR genotypes and broad geographic regions, but there was also a high level of genotypic diversity at individual locations. Phenotypic analysis of this new germplasm resource revealed considerable variation in flowering time, seed size, and plant architecture. The inbreeding nature of Brachypodium was confirmed by an extremely high level of homozygosity in wild plants and a lack of cross-pollination under laboratory conditions. Conclusion: Taken together, the inbreeding nature and genotypic diversity observed at individual locations suggest a significant amount of long-distance seed dispersal. The resources developed in this study are freely available to the research community and will facilitate experimental applications based on natural diversity.Öğe Diploid Brachypodium distachyon of Turkey: Molecular and Morphologic Analysis(Springer, 2009) Filiz, Ertuğrul; Özdemir, Bahar Sogutmaz; Tuna, Metin; Budak, HikmetBrachypodium distachyon is a model species for the grass family, Poaceae, which includes major cereal crops such as wheat and barley. The aim of this study were to assess morphological and phylogenetic relationships among diploid accessions of Brachypodium representing diverse geographic regions of Turkey based on Sequence related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) analyses. The similarity matrix indicated close relation among species used in the section using SRAP primer combinations, produced 156 fragment bands, of which 120 were polymorphic. Genetic distance ranged from 0.03 to 0.62. Plant genotypes were grouped into two major clusters based on SRAP analysis. There was a high level of diversity among the native diploid Brachypodium genotypes. These genotypes can be used for a better understanding of grass genomics.Öğe Effects of colchicine applications on viability and ploidy level in in vitro (solid medium) shoot tip culture of 'Michele Palieri' and 'Tekirdağ Misketi' grape cultivars(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2020) Ergönül, Onur; Orhan Özalp, Zeliha; Uysal, T.; Özer, Cengiz; Tuna, MetinThe purpose of this study is achieved tetraploid grape lines for the first phase of polyploidy breeding. This study was carried out at Tekirdağ Viticultural Research Institute Tissue Culture Laboratory with ‘Michele Palieri’ and ‘Tekirdağ Misketi’ grape cultivars. Explants of 0.5-0.8 mm size were taken from Tekirdağ Viticulture Research Institute vineyards in late June-early July 2014. In this method, different concentrations of colchicine were added to the Murashige Skoog (MS) nutrient medium in in vitro culture. The explants, which were kept in the colchicine medium at different waiting times, were transferred to the MS nutrient medium without chemical mutagen. Explants were grown in a 16-h bright and 8-h dark photoperiod, with a temperature of 25±1°C, placed in shelves in a controllable climatic room provided with light at a lighting intensity of 3500 lx m-2. Results of this research were showed that grape cultivars may give different responses to chemical mutagens in in vitro shoot tip culture studies. The viability rate of ‘Tekirdağ Misketi’ decreased after application of chemical mutagen. This cultivar has been found to be a susceptible cultivar for colchicine applications. In the result of the flow cytometry analyses of leaf samples taken from plants, it was determined that diploid construction continued in all samples and the colchicine applications did not change the number of chromosomes. The DNA content of the samples was determined to be about 1.00 pg/2C diploid (2n) grapevine size. © 2020 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.
