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Öğe Development of a chopper unit for chopping of sunflower stalk during harvesting by combine harvester(2013) Dalmış, İbrahim Savaş; Kayişoğlu, Birol; Bayhan, Yılmaz; Ülger, Poyraz; Toruk, F.; Durgut, F.The aim of this research was the development of a chopping unit, which is placed under the header of a combine harvester. In this way, stalks can be chopped during harvesting and this will be useful in respect to saving time, labor, and energy. In addition, field traffic will decrease by using this unit.The alternative chopping unit may replace the conventional methods. For this objective, the developed chopping unit was tested in three different types of chopping methods. These methods were called Machine 1, Machine 2 and Machine 3. All methods were tested with two and three blade modules. The best results were obtained with 3 flat blades modules on Machine-2. While the average stalk size of Machine-2 was 14 cm, this value was 9.6 cm in 3 flat blades. With this machine the surface covering rate was 26.25%, the average height of stalk was 11.53 cm. This paper describes the structural features of the machine, the design of the main working parts, determination of the parameters of the position of the blade modules, and presents the performance tests.Öğe Dsensity, Porosity and Permeability Rates of Sunflower Silage Under Different Compaction Conditions(Medwell Online, 2009) Toruk, F.; Gönülol, Erkan; Ülger, Poyraz; Kocabıyık, H.In this study, the determination of density, porosity and permeability rates of sunflower silage at different stages of maturity and under different conditions of compaction was aimed. Whole-plant sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was harvested at three different maturity stages; (BA, Beginning of Anthesis (78%), ML, one-third Milk Line (70%) and BL, Black Line (64%)). Five compaction levels were done during ensiling. These were control (no compaction), vacuum and compaction with 150 kPa (C,), 248 kPa (C) and 498 kPa (C,). The chopped forages were ensiled in PVC (5.7 L) mini-silos. For porosity measurements, a tube system was designed, which operated according to ideal gas law. Permeability was measured to be the time during, which 1 L water passed through the silo container. The results of this study showed that the values of porosity, permeability and density were found to be significantly affected by the applications of compaction and stages of maturity.Öğe Effects of compaction and maturity stages on sunflower silage quality(Academic Journals, 2010) Toruk, F.; Gönülol, Erkan; Kayişo?lu, Birol; Koç, FisunThe aim of this research was to determine sunflower silage quality under different compaction conditions of the whole-plant sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) harvested at three different maturity stages. These were the beginning of Anthesis, one-third Milk Line, and Black Line. Five compaction applications (control, vacuum and compaction with 150, 248 and 498 kPa) were carried out in the study. For this purpose, cylindrical plastic mini-silos (5.2 L) were used. The chopped forages were compacted in mini-silos at five pressure levels. Each treatment was ensiled for 50 days in cylindrical plastic minisilos (5.2 L) silos with three replications. This study showed that compaction level and maturity stage had significant effects on silage quality (p < 0.05). The dry-matter content increased in the silages with maturity. The best results were observed when harvesting at the stage of one-third Milk Line and compaction with the level 498 kPa.Öğe Effects of Particle Length on Alfalfa Baled Silage Quality and Color Under Different Storage Conditions(Scientific Issues Natl Centre Agrarian Sciences, 2011) Toruk, F.; Gönülol, ErkanThe aim of the research was to determine effects of particle length on bale silage quality under different storage conditions. Field trial was done with two particle length (4-cm and 8-cm). Bales were formed using an Orkel GP model 1260 silage baler after the alfalfa dried to the approximate desired moisture content. Bales were kept under open air; semi closed and closed storage condition. Silage quality of all samples was determined after storage period. Dry matter (DM), pH, crude cellulose, (CC), ash, crude protein (CP), acetic acid (AA) and lactic acid contents (LA) were evaluated as silage quality parameters. Results of the chemical analysis of silages were found significant influence of storage conditions and particle length on bale silage quality. Silage color values were also measured in this research. According to results, silage quality was changed to be strongly dependent on particle length (*P<0.05). The best silage quality and desired silage color were obtained from the bales in particle length of 8 cm stored under closed storage.Öğe Evaluating of Milking Parlor Performance in Turkey(Medwell Online, 2009) Gönülol, Erkan; Toruk, F.The number of dairy farm with milking parlor in Turkey has been increasing in the last 3 years, because of the subsidization. Evaluating milking parlor performance can be beneficial to improve milking quality and quantity. Therefore, improvement of milking performance or efficiency has been a major focus of milking parlor studies. The data presented in the study was collected on 132 farms that located in Turkey. Values were collected from dry performance testing of milking parlors, each farm's parlor management software report (available for 27 farms) and conversation with dairy farmers. Some of the obtained results were; the mean value for number of cows milked per day was 76, the mean milk production was 21.4 kg/cow/day, the mean system vacuum was 43.1 kPa and the mean pulsation ratio (A+B%) was 59, 9 and some of the milking parameters results were; the mean value for average of milk flow rate was 1.75 kg min(-1) and the mean value for average milking duration was 6.84 min.Öğe Stray voltage problems in dairy farms and effects on animal behavior(2008) Gönülol, Erkan; Polat, R.; Ülger, Poyraz; Kayişo?lu, Birol; Kuşcu, H.; Toruk, F.; Polat, CemalStray voltage is a small voltage measured between two points that can simultaneously be contacted bya cow. A current will flow between these points. The amount of current depends on the voltage and theresistance of the animal. Reactions of animals to mild electric shocks caused by stray voltage havebeen reported to include behavioral changes, changes in milking characteristics of dairy cows andchanges in production performance. This study evaluated the presence or absence of stray voltage ondairy farms. Questionnaires related to the history of the situation and animal reactions were also usedin the study. Experiments were carried out on 51 dairy farms in Turkey. All farms had more than 30milking cows which are milked by using pipe line milking systems. Stray voltage problems were foundon 12 farms (23%). The relationship between the presence of stray voltage and behavioral change onthe dairy farms was statistically significant (P=0,002). Based on the results, stray voltage sources onthe farms were mostly attributed to faulty wiring, faulty equipment and improper grounding. © Published by the College of Agriculture.
