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    Evaluation of information accuracy and clarity: ChatGPT responses to the most frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2024) Sahin, Mehmet Fatih; Keles, Anil; Oezcan, Ridvan; Dogan, Cagri; Topkac, Erdem Can; Akgul, Murat; Yazici, Cenk Murat
    Background Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most prevalent sexual dysfunction in men, and like many diseases and conditions, patients use Internet sources like ChatGPT, which is a popular artificial intelligence-based language model, for queries about this andrological disorder.Aim The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality, readability, and understanding of texts produced by ChatGPT in response to frequently requested inquiries on PE.Methods In this study we used Google Trends to identify the most frequently searched phrases related to PE. Subsequently, the discovered keywords were methodically entered into ChatGPT, and the resulting replies were assessed for quality using the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) program. The produced texts were assessed for readability using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), and DISCERN metrics.Outcomes This investigation has identified substantial concerns about the quality of texts produced by ChatGPT, highlighting severe problems with reading and understanding.Results The mean EQIP score for the texts was determined to be 45.93 +/- 4.34, while the FRES was 15.8 +/- 8.73. Additionally, the FKGL score was computed to be 15.68 +/- 1.67 and the DISCERN score was 38.1 +/- 3.78. The comparatively low average EQIP and DISCERN scores suggest that improvements are required to increase the quality and dependability of the presented information. In addition, the FKGL scores indicate a significant degree of linguistic intricacy, requiring a level of knowledge comparable to about 14 to 15 years of formal schooling in order to understand. The texts about treatment, which are the most frequently searched items, are more difficult to understand compared to other texts about other categories.Clinical Implications The results of this research suggest that compared to texts on other topics the PE texts produced by ChatGPT exhibit a higher degree of complexity, which exceeds the recommended reading threshold for effective health communication. Currently, ChatGPT is cannot be considered a substitute for comprehensive medical consultations.Strengths and Limitations This study is to our knowledge the first reported research investigating the quality and comprehensibility of information generated by ChatGPT in relation to frequently requested queries about PE. The main limitation is that the investigation included only the first 25 popular keywords in English.Conclusion ChatGPT is incapable of replacing the need for thorough medical consultations.
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    Still Using Only ChatGPT? The Comparison of Five Different Artificial Intelligence Chatbots' Answers to the Most Common Questions About Kidney Stones
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2024) Sahin, Mehmet Fatih; Topkac, Erdem Can; Dogan, Cagri; Seramet, Serkan; Ozcan, Ridvan; Akgul, Murat; Yazici, Cenk Murat
    Objective: To evaluate and compare the quality and comprehensibility of answers produced by five distinct artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots-GPT-4, Claude, Mistral, Google PaLM, and Grok-in response to the most frequently searched questions about kidney stones (KS).Materials and Methods: Google Trends facilitated the identification of pertinent terms related to KS. Each AI chatbot was provided with a unique sequence of 25 commonly searched phrases as input. The responses were assessed using DISCERN, the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P), the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease (FKRE) criteria.Results: The three most frequently searched terms were stone in kidney, kidney stone pain, and kidney pain. Nepal, India, and Trinidad and Tobago were the countries that performed the most searches in KS. None of the AI chatbots attained the requisite level of comprehensibility. Grok demonstrated the highest FKRE (55.6 +/- 7.1) and lowest FKGL (10.0 +/- 1.1) ratings (p = 0.001), whereas Claude outperformed the other chatbots in its DISCERN scores (47.6 +/- 1.2) (p = 0.001). PEMAT-P understandability was the lowest in GPT-4 (53.2 +/- 2.0), and actionability was the highest in Claude (61.8 +/- 3.5) (p = 0.001).Conclusion: GPT-4 had the most complex language structure of the five chatbots, making it the most difficult to read and comprehend, whereas Grok was the simplest. Claude had the best KS text quality. Chatbot technology can improve healthcare material and make it easier to grasp.