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    Determination of selected antibiotics in farmed fish species using LC-MS/MS
    (Wiley, 2017) Yipel, Mustafa; Kürekci, Cemil; Tekeli, İbrahim Özan; Metli, Murat; Sakin, Fatih
    The aim of the study was to monitor the occurrence of 37 antibiotics from different classes including fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, macrolide, sulphonamide, penicillin, amphenicol and cephalosporin in three different farmed fish species (n=75; rainbow trout, see bass, gilthead see bream) from five cities in Turkey. A method for LC-MS/MS was optimized and validated to assess these antibiotics. As a result, 25 samples showed contamination with at least one antibiotic residue. The most detected antibiotics were norfloxacin (NOR) (18.7%), marbofloxacin (MAR) (12%), tetracycline (TC) (10.7), danofloxacin (DAN) (9.3%), oxytetracycline (OTC) (9.3%), tilmicosin (TLM) (8%) and enrofloxacin (ENR) (6.7%). A total of 17.3% of samples examined were found to be contaminated with residues exceeding the maximum residue limits (MRLs). The results indicate that antibiotics are frequently used in aquaculture production without the lack of knowledge. This study also revealed that the consumption of farmed fish could produce a public health concern as the level of residues for some antibiotics was much higher than MRLs.
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    Occurrence and health risk assessment of aflatoxins and ochratoxin a in Surk, a Turkish dairy food, as studied by HPLC
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Sakin, Fatih; Tekeli, İbrahim Özan; Yipel, Mustafa; Kürekci, Cemil
    The concentration of aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in Surk cheese samples was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) system, for which the analytical method was validated according to the guidelines issued by European Commission (EC). Additionally, cancer related health risk via dietary intake of Surk was assessed by calculating estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard index (HI) for aflatoxin M-1 (AFM(1)), and Margin of Exposure (MoE) for aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) and Provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for OTA. OTA was the most frequently detected toxin that was presented in 28 samples with concentration ranging from 0.058 to 5.04 mu g kg(-1)53.3% of samples contained AFM(1) at levels > LOQ of 0.07 mu g kg(-1), of which none exceeded the permissible maximum limits (0.5 mu g kg(-1)) established by Turkish legislation. Surk samples were found to contain AFB(1) at mean concentration of 0.610 mu g kg(-1). The range of concentrations of AFs and OTA in Surk observed in the current study was found to be below the official Turkish standard determined for various foodstuffs. However, HI from consuming Surk was found to be 1.02 mu g kg(-1) bw for AFM(1), and MoE value for AFB(1) was found to be 2982 which clearly indicates health risk AFM(1) and AFB(1) to Surk consumers. However. OTA contamination level was found to be low to produce health hazards according to PTWI value. According to health risk assessment of this study presents the first data about occurrence of AFs and OTA in Surk, yet data should be updated based on seasonal monitoring and consumption habits of both adults and infants. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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    Protective effects of conventional and colon-targeted lycopene and linalool on ulcerative colitis induced by acetic acid in rats
    (Springer Basel Ag, 2019) Tekeli, İbrahim Özan; Ateşşahin, Ahmet; Sakin, Fatih; Aslan, Abdullah; Çeribaşı, Songül; Yipel, Mustafa
    ObjectiveTo compare the potential protective effects of conventional and colon-targeted lycopene (TLC) and linalool (TLN) on acetic acid (AA)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats.MethodsConventional and colon-targeted LC (10mg/kg) and LN (200mg/kg) were administered in vivo orally for 7days and sulfasalazine (100mg/kg) was also used as reference drug. Then, 4% AA was administered intrarectally to induce UC. Subsequently, the colon tissues were taken as samples for biochemical and histopathological analysis.ResultsMalondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) levels were decreased (p<0.05) in the targeted groups compared to the AA group, whereas nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) level was increased (p<0.05). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) level was also decreased (p<0.05) and catalase activity (CAT) was increased (p<0.05) in the TLC group compared to the AA group. IL-1 and IL-6 levels were lower in the TLC group compared to the conventional LC and sulfasalazine groups (p<0.05). COX-2 and NF-B levels were lower, while the Nrf-2 level was higher in the targeted groups compared to the conventional groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, COX-2 level was lower and Nrf-2 level was higher in the targeted groups compared to the sulfasalazine group (p<0.05).ConclusionAs expected, sulfasalazine was effective on all parameters analyzed, but the colon-targeted pretreatments were more effective from sulfasalazine on some parameters. Therefore, colon-targeted plant-derived therapies might be alternative approaches to provide protection against UC, which deserves to be investigated further.