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Öğe Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Efficacy of the Lipophilic Extract of Cirsium vulgare(Mdpi, 2023) Kurc, Mine Aydin; Orak, Hakime Hulya; Gulen, Dumrul; Caliskan, Hilmican; Argon, Merve; Sabudak, TemineThe aim of this study was to investigate the compounds in the hexane extract of Cirsium vulgare (Savi.) Ten. and to determine the antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of different extracts. The Cirsium vulgare (NGBB 7229) plant was collected from Turkey's Trakya region. Crude extracts were obtained using different solvents. The chemical composition of Cirsium vulgare was determined in hexane extract using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), the beta-carotene bleaching method, and the determination of superoxide anion scavenging activities. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella typhimurium, whereas the antifungal activity was tested against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Aspergillus fumigatus by applying microdilution methods. A total of 41 bioactive compounds were identified using the GC-MS library. Terpenoids were found to be dominant (52.89%), and lup-20(29)-en-3-yl-acetate and lupeol were the most abundant terpenoids. The highest total flavonoid content (25.73 mg catechin/g) and antioxidant capacity were found in the methanolic extract. The highest antibacterial activity was detected against Bacillus subtilis in the ethyl acetate extract, and the highest antifungal activity was found against Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus in the hexane extract. The observed antioxidant characteristics of the C. vulgare extracts could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids. The high antifungal activity of the hexane extract against all fungal strains can be attributed to its constituents, i.e., terpenoids. This study discloses the potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, including some bioactive components, of Cirsium vulgare and implies that Cirsium vulgare holds possible applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries as an antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal agent.Öğe Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of hexane extract of Genista januensis var. lydia(Bulgarska Akademiya na Naukite, 2022) Çakır, C.; Orak, Hakime Hülya; Argon, M.; Çalışkan, H.; Sabudak, Temine; Öztürk, M.; Güler, N.The genus Genista L. (Fabaceae) has been of interest for human beings since ancient times with its cosmopolitan distribution. Since ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase are the chief enzymes of diabetes mellitus, this study aims to study the ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase inhibitory potential and antioxidant activity of Genista januensis var. lydia grown in the Trakya region. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no study on G. januensis var. lydia up to date. The ?-amylase/?-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of the hexane extract of G. januensis var. lydia were studied by spectroscopic in vitro experiments to search the potential relationships of both activities. © 2022 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Union of Chemists in Bulgaria.Öğe Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Volatile Compounds Genista carinalis Plant(2024) Çalışkan, Hilmican; Argon, Merve; Gurgan, Muazzez; Sabudak, TemineVolatile compounds play a significant role in the plant chemistry. Natural products have been widely used in antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antifungal, insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic applications since the Middle Age. Our aim in this study was to investigate the volatile components of the Genista carinalis Griseb. (Fabaceae) plant grown in the Trakya region by GC-MS method and to determine the antibacterial activity of the raw extracts. Volatile components of n-hexane extract from the plant G. carinalis were investigated using the GC-MS method. As a result of our research on the volatile components of G. carinalis, fifty-two bioactive components were identified. The ethyl acetate extract of G. carinalis was the most effective on both Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria tested, with higher antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria.Öğe Chemical Profile, Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities of Genista januensis subsp. lydia (Boiss.) Kit Tan & Ziel (Fabaceae)(Slovensko Kemijsko Drustvo, 2025) Argon, Merve; Sabudak, Temine; Yildirim, Buse Nur; Batar, Bahadir; Orak, Hakime Hulya; Yabas, Mehmet; Bostanci, AytenThe aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer and antioxidant activities of Genista januensis subsp. lydia (Fabaceae) extracts and to isolate the phytochemical compounds responsible for these activities. The G. januensis plant was extracted by maceration with solvents of increasing polarity. The total phenolic/flavonoid content, antioxidant activities and anticancer activity were investigated by performing cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cell cycle analyses in crude extracts. We found that the EtOAc extract had the highest antioxidant and anticancer activities and this extract was selected for isolation studies. All purified flavonoid compounds from the EtOAc extract were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic methods and compared with the literature. A new biflavonoid 4 was isolated together with three known isoflavonoids (genistein (1), genistin (2) and 4'-hydroxyisoflavone (3)) from Genista januensis subsp. lydia (Fabaceae). MTT analysis of compounds 2, 3, and 4 was used to evaluate the anticancer activity. Compound 4 was invesigated for its antioxidant activities. These findings suggest that G. januensis subsp. lydia represents new potential natural sources of effective antiproliferative and antioxidant agents.Öğe Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum to control downy mildew disease in sunflower under field conditions based on changes in the metabolite profiles of roots(Springer, 2023) Özer, Nuray; Sabudak, Temine; Kılıç, Tuğba Hilal; Evci, Göksel; Yılmaz, Mehmet İbrahimTwo years of field testing were conducted in naturally Plasmopara halstedii-infested soils to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum isolate (TRIC8) against downy mildew (P. halstedii) on sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Seed treatment with this antagonist offered protection of 73.64% in the first year. The effects of this treatment on oil content of the seeds and metabolite profiles of roots, along with disease severity, were evaluated in the second year by comparing to the fungicide treatment (Metalaxyl M). Oil content in seeds and metabolite profile in roots were studied using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), respectively. TRIC8 and fungicide treatments were found to cause significantly lower disease severity when compared to that of the control, although weather conditions were more favorable for the disease in the second year than in the first year. The oil content in seeds with TRIC8 treatment was superior to that in seeds with fungicide treatment or control. The metabolites in roots from treated plants and disease severity were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). TRIC8 treatment increased the accumulation of some alcohols [2-ethyl-2-methyltridecan-1-ol, 2-(propylamino)ethanol], aldehydes [2,5-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)benzaldehyde, dodecanal], alkanes (dotriacontane, eicosane, heneicosane, nonacosane, nonylcyclopropane, tetracontane, tetracosane), ketones [(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-phenylmethanone, (4-methylphenyl)-phenylmethanone], an ester (6-ethyloctan-3-yl 6-bromohexanoate) and a terpene (falcarinol), which were among the metabolites that contributed over 0.70 in PC1 and were negatively correlated with disease severity. We suggest these metabolites might be involved in defense response of sunflower against P. halstedii in the field.Öğe Isolation of new isoflavonoids derivatives from Genista carinalis Griseb. and biological activity(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Caliskan, Hilmican; Sabudak, Temine; Orak, H. Hulya; Argon, Merve; Cakir, Cansel; Ozturk, MehmetThe genus Genista L. has been used in the treatment of rheumatic, diabetic and ulcerous diseases. Herein, the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antidiabetic activities of Genista carinalis Griseb. extracts were determined. The antioxidant activity was performed FRAP, DPPH, CUPRAC, and TEAC assays, while anticholinesterase activity was performed against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, and antidiabetic activity against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, spectrophotometrically. The activity results allowed for the study of the phytochemistry of the ethyl acetate extract that exhibited the best activity. Three new isoflavonoids, 5-methyl-7-methoxy-4 '-hydroxy isoflavone (3), 7-acetyl-5-hydroxy-4 '-methoxy isoflavone (4) and 7-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(6 ''-> 6 ''')-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-5-4 '-dihydroxy isoflavone (5), together with two known compounds, isoprunetin (1) and 6-hydroxy biochanin A (2) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract. Their structures were elucidated by extensive 1D-, 2D-NMR, and MS data analyses. Compound (3) showed the highest antioxidant potential in TEAC, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays, while (2) exhibited higher butyrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitory activity among the isolated compounds.
