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    Responses of Five Different Artificial Intelligence Chatbots to the Top Searched Queries About Erectile Dysfunction: A Comparative Analysis
    (Springer, 2024) Sahin, Mehmet Fatih; Ates, Huseyin; Keles, Anil; Ozcan, Ridvan; Dogan, Cagri; Akgul, Murat; Yazici, Cenk Murat
    The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the quality and readability of responses generated by five different artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots-ChatGPT, Bard, Bing, Ernie, and Copilot-to the top searched queries of erectile dysfunction (ED). Google Trends was used to identify ED-related relevant phrases. Each AI chatbot received a specific sequence of 25 frequently searched terms as input. Responses were evaluated using DISCERN, Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP), and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Reading Ease (FKRE) metrics. The top three most frequently searched phrases were erectile dysfunction cause, how to erectile dysfunction, and erectile dysfunction treatment. Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Ghana exhibited the highest level of interest in ED. None of the AI chatbots achieved the necessary degree of readability. However, Bard exhibited significantly higher FKRE and FKGL ratings (p = 0.001), and Copilot achieved better EQIP and DISCERN ratings than the other chatbots (p = 0.001). Bard exhibited the simplest linguistic framework and posed the least challenge in terms of readability and comprehension, and Copilot's text quality on ED was superior to the other chatbots. As new chatbots are introduced, their understandability and text quality increase, providing better guidance to patients.
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    Still Using Only ChatGPT? The Comparison of Five Different Artificial Intelligence Chatbots' Answers to the Most Common Questions About Kidney Stones
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2024) Sahin, Mehmet Fatih; Topkac, Erdem Can; Dogan, Cagri; Seramet, Serkan; Ozcan, Ridvan; Akgul, Murat; Yazici, Cenk Murat
    Objective: To evaluate and compare the quality and comprehensibility of answers produced by five distinct artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots-GPT-4, Claude, Mistral, Google PaLM, and Grok-in response to the most frequently searched questions about kidney stones (KS).Materials and Methods: Google Trends facilitated the identification of pertinent terms related to KS. Each AI chatbot was provided with a unique sequence of 25 commonly searched phrases as input. The responses were assessed using DISCERN, the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P), the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease (FKRE) criteria.Results: The three most frequently searched terms were stone in kidney, kidney stone pain, and kidney pain. Nepal, India, and Trinidad and Tobago were the countries that performed the most searches in KS. None of the AI chatbots attained the requisite level of comprehensibility. Grok demonstrated the highest FKRE (55.6 +/- 7.1) and lowest FKGL (10.0 +/- 1.1) ratings (p = 0.001), whereas Claude outperformed the other chatbots in its DISCERN scores (47.6 +/- 1.2) (p = 0.001). PEMAT-P understandability was the lowest in GPT-4 (53.2 +/- 2.0), and actionability was the highest in Claude (61.8 +/- 3.5) (p = 0.001).Conclusion: GPT-4 had the most complex language structure of the five chatbots, making it the most difficult to read and comprehend, whereas Grok was the simplest. Claude had the best KS text quality. Chatbot technology can improve healthcare material and make it easier to grasp.
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    The effect of the pandemic period on Bladder Pain Syndrome patients under amitriptyline treatment
    (Wiley, 2023) Sahin, Mehmet Fatih; Ozcan, Ridvan; Malak, Arzu; Dogan, Cagri; Yazici, Cenk Murat; Ozcan, Muege; Akgul, Murat
    IntroductionCOVID-19 is a disease that may cause anxiety, depression, and stress. Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is a disease in which stress and psychological factors might negatively affect its course. In this study, we aimed to examine the possible clinical aggregation of the pandemic period on BPS patients. Materials and MethodsA total of 35 BPS patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2018 were included. All patients were using medical treatment, and the follow-up period was at least 6 months. According to our clinical follow-up protocol, the BPS patients were given the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Overactive Bladder Form V8 (OAB-V8), and Visual Analog Score (VAS) in every visit. In the sixth month of the pandemic, the clinical course of the patients was questioned by telephone or video interview, and their treatment continuities were questioned. Information was received about the delays in their follow-up and the difficulties in accessing healthcare opportunities. The same questionnaires were filled out and compared with pre-pandemic scores. ResultsThe mean age of the patients included in the study was 50.2 +/- 13.32 (min:20, max:74), 11 were males and 24 were females. The mean follow-up periods were 71.8 +/- 35.6 months. All questionnaire scores showed an increase compared to the pre-pandemic period. A statistically significant increase was detected during the pandemic in all sub-units of the KHQ. The VAS and OAB-V8 scores of 16 patients who requested hospital admission were significantly higher than before the pandemic. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the increase in VAS and OAB-V8 scores of the 19 patients who refused to come to the hospital. ConclusionBPS patients have been negatively affected by the emotional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the fear, stress, anxiety, and depression, the symptoms of BPS patients exacerbated, and the patients could not receive the necessary support due to a lack of regular follow-ups.