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    Biodegradation kinetics of the soluble slowly biodegradable substrate in polyamide carpet finishing wastewater
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008) Yıldız, Günay; İnsel, Güçlü; Ubay Çokgör, Emine; Orhon, Derinerin
    BACKGROUND: Carpet manufacturing and finishing with purely synthetic fibers has received relatively little attention, compared to other textile processing types. This study evaluates the biodegradation kinetics of organic compounds generated from polyamide-based carpet manufacturing. RESULTS: Experiments were conducted on pre-washing and dyeing/softening wastewater effluents. Model evaluation of oxygen uptake rate profiles with dual hydrolysis kinetics revealed that the soluble slowly hydrolysable chemical oxygen demand (COD) was the major fraction, constituting nearly 97% of the biodegradable COD and 78% of total COD content. Degradation of the slowly hydrolysable COD fraction was characterized with a rate coefficient of 0.72 day(-1), a significant rate limiting step for substrate utilization. Model simulation of system performance indicated that an unusually long hydraulic retention time was required for an activated sludge system to reduce the effluent COD concentration. CONCLUSION: Compared to domestic wastewater, two additional hydrolysable COD fractions with different degradation kinetics were characterized. The dyeing and softening step had the highest slowly biodegradable organic matter content, with the lowest degradation rate. Simulation results showed that soluble slowly hydrolysable COD degradation did not cause any problem in terms of effluent quality. With the system operated under reduced solids retention time, the effluent COD quality was significantly influenced by the slow hydrolysis rate of soluble hydrolysable matter. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.
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    Chemical and biological treatment technologies for leather tannery chemicals and wastewaters: A review
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Lofrano, Giusy; Meriç, Süreyya; Zengin, Gülsum Emel; Orhon, Derinerin
    Although the leather tanning industry is known to be one of the leading economic sectors in many countries, there has been an increasing environmental concern regarding the release of various recalcitrant pollutants in tannery wastewater. It has been shown that biological processes are presently known as the most environmental friendly but inefficient for removal of recalcitrant organics and micro-pollutants in tannery wastewater. Hence emerging technologies such as advanced oxidation processes and membrane processes have been attempted as integrative to biological treatment for this sense. This paper, as the-state-of-the-art, attempts to revise the over world trends of treatment technologies and advances for pollution prevention from tannery chemicals and wastewater. It can be elucidated that according to less extent advances in wastewater minimization as well as in leather production technology and chemicals substitution, biological and chemical treatment processes have been progressively studied. However, there has not been a full scale application yet of those emerging technologies using advanced oxidation although some of them proved good achievements to remove xenobiotics present in tannery wastewater. It can be noted that advanced oxidation technologies integrated with biological processes will remain in the agenda of the decision makers and water sector to apply the best prevention solution for the future tanneries. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Scientific basis of dissolved organic carbon limitation for landfilling of municipal treatment sludge - Is it attainable and justifiable?
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Sözen, Selim; Ubay Çokgör, Emine; İnsel, Güçlü; Okutman Taş, Didem; Dulkadiroğlu, Hakan; Karaca Ceylan, Cansu; Orhon, Derinerin; Meric, Süreyya
    This study evaluated the scientific and technical basis of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) limitation imposed on municipal sludge for landfilling, mainly for assessing the attainability of the implemented numerical level. For this purpose, related conceptual framework was analyzed, covering related sewage characteristics, soluble microbial products generation, and substrate solubilization and leakage due to hydrolysis. Soluble COD footprint was experimentally established for a selected treatment plant, including all the key steps in the sequence of wastewater treatment and sludge handling. Observed results were compared with reported DOCs in other treatment configurations. None of the leakage tests performed or considered in the study could even come close to the prescribed limitation. All observed results reflected 10-20 fold higher DOC levels than the numerical limit of 800 mg/kg (80 mg/L), providing conclusive evidence that the DOC limitation imposed on municipal treatment sludge for landfilling is not attainable, and therefore not justifiable on the basis of currently available technology. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.