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A molecular epidemiological study of black queen cell virus in honeybees (Apis mellifera) of Turkey: the first genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of field viruses
(Springer France, 2018) Muz, Dilek; Muz, Mustafa Necati
Black queen cell virus (BQCV) is one of the most common honeybee pathogens causing queen brood deaths. The 63 apiaries were sampled between 2007 and 2013 from four different ecogeographic regions in Turkey to estimate BQCV molecular structural characteristics. The BQCV positivity was 47.6%. The 25 local Black queen cell viruses (TrBQCVs) were molecularly characterized and investigated for their genetic relationship with previous records. The identity of the helicase gene among the TrBQCVs was 92-98%, whereas the similarity ranged from 37 to 85% in comparison with the intercontinental records. The identity of the partial capsid gene among the TrBQCVs was 91-100%, and the similarity rate varied from 86 to 97, 88-96, 90-97 and 89-99% in comparison with the Asian, African, American and European counterparts, respectively. The four nonsynonymous substitutions on the partial capsid protein suggest a predicted genotype that is specific among TrBQCVs.
A New Louse Species: Aegypoecus guralpi sp n. (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) from a Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus)
(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2015) Dik, Bilal; Muz, Mustafa Necati; Üstüner, Turgay
A total of ten louse samples were collected from a long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus) in Hatay province in Mediterranean Region of Turkey. All of the louse samples were identified as a new species morphologically and named as Aegypoecus guralpi.
Acute bee paralysis virus field isolates from apiaries suffering colony losses in Turkiye
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Muz, Dilek; Muz, Mustafa Necati
Multiple viral infections are one of the main drivers of honey bee colony losses and threaten the sustainability of colony health. The Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) is one of the common honey bee viruses that can induce overt and/or covert infections in bee colonies. Globally more knowledge is needed about its effects leading to colony losses. ABPV-related pathology includes paralytic, trembling bees, unable to fly and, in some cases, ABPV causes the death of the bee colonies. The molecular phylogenetic of ABPV isolates obtained from apiaries suffering colony losses and/or with CCD-like complaints in Turkiye was performed in this study. The isolates' structural and non-structural gene regions were analyzed phylogenetically and compared according to sampling years and apiaries. According to the results, the nucleotide identity of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene in Turkish ABPV field isolates is more conserved than the capsid gene. The evaluation of molecular differentiation among the ABPV field isolates can be used for determining the origin and relatedness of ABPV strains and periodic monitoring of ABPV infections in apiaries.
Antiviral Activity of Hatay Propolis Against Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2
(Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2016) Yıldırım, Ayşe; Gülbol Duran, Gülay; Duran, Nizami; Jenedi, Kemal; Bolgül, Behiye Sezgin; Miraloğlu, Meral; Muz, Mustafa Necati
Background: Propolis is a bee product widely used in folk medicine and possessing many pharmacological properties. In this study we aimed to investigate: i) the antiviral activities of Hatay propolis samples against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in HEp-2 cell line, and ii) the presence of the synergistic effects of propolis with acyclovir against these viruses. Material/Methods: All experiments were carried out in HEp-2 cell cultures. Proliferation assays were performed in 24-well flat bottom microplates. We inoculated 1x10(5) cells per ml and RPMI 1640 medium with 10% fetal calf serum into each well. Studies to determine cytotoxic effect were performed. To investigate the presence of antiviral activity of propolis samples, different concentrations of propolis (3200, 1600, 800, 400, 200, 100, 75, 50, and 25 mu g/mL) were added into the culture medium. The amplifications of HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA were performed by realtime PCR method. Acyclovir (Sigma, USA) was chosen as a positive control. Cell morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The replication of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was significantly suppressed in the presence of 25, 50, and 100 mu g/mL of Hatay propolis. We found that propolis began to inhibit HSV-1 replication after 24 h of incubation and propolis activity against HSV-2 was found to start at 48 h following incubation. The activity of propolis against both HSV-1 and HSV-2 was confirmed by a significant decrease in the number of viral copies. Conclusions: We determined that Hatay propolis samples have important antiviral effects compared with acyclovir. In particular, the synergy produced by antiviral activity of propolis and acyclovir combined had a stronger effect against HSV-1 and HSV-2 than acyclovir alone.
Bazı yabani kuşların beyin dokularında Toxoplasma gondii ve Neospora caninum 'un moleküler tanısı
(2015) Muz, Mustafa Necati; Orunç Kılınç, Özlem; İşler, Cafer Tayer; Altuğ, Muhammed Enes; Karakavuk, Muhammet
Çiftlik hayvanlarının ekonomik öneme sahip protozoonlarından Toxoplasma gondii ve Neospora caninum un ara konak yabani kuşlardaki moleküler tanısı hakkında az sayıda araştırma bulunmaktadır. Türkiyede bu parazitlerin yabani kuşların beyin dokularındaki moleküler prevalansı bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiyenin iki farklı ekocoğrafyasında bulunan 20 yabani kuş türüne ait 101 adet beyin dokusunda T. gondii ve N. caninum un varlığı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) metodu ile araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yabani kuşların beyin dokularında T. gondii %9, N. caninum %14, her iki türe aynı anda rastlanma oranı ise %4 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere Ki kare testi uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada T. gondiinin Corvus corone (Gri leş kargası), Melanitta fusca (Kadife ördek), Aquila heliaca (Şah kartal), Aquila pomarina (Küçük orman kartalı), Buteo rufinus (Kızıl şahin), Accipiter nisus (Bayağı atmaca), Strix aluco (Alaca baykuş)un beyin dokularında ve N. caninumun Larus genei (İnce gagalı martı), Corvus corone, Melanitta fusca, Anas clypeata (Bayağı kaşık gaga), Perdix perdix (Çil keklik), Aquila heliaca ve Buteo rufinus un beyin dokularında PZR metoduyla dünyada ilk tespiti yapılmıştır. Araştırma Türkiyedeki yaban kuşlarında T. gondii ve N. caninum un moleküler tanısı amacıyla yapılan ilk çalışmadır.
Bioactive and bioaccessibility characteristics of honeybee pollens collected from different regions of Turkey
(Springer, 2018) Özkan, Kübra; Sağcan, Nihan; Özülkü, Görkem; Sağdıç, Osman; Toker, Ömer Said; Muz, Mustafa Necati
Pollens used by honey bees as a primary protein source has been attracted attention due to their positive health effects. The geographical and botanical origin of honeybee pollens affect their nutritional value as well as bioactive and bioaccessibility properties. This study investigated the bioactive and bioaccessibility properties (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity) of some honeybee pollens collected from different seaside regions of Turkey. Results indicated that total phenolic content, total flavonoid and total antioxidant (DPPH and CUPRAC) were between 3.9 and 9.2 mg GAE/g, 1.2-1.9 mg CAE/g sample, 1.7-17.6 mg TEAC/g and 0.68-3.04 mg TEAC/g, respectively. As for the bioaccessible fraction (IN) of collected pollens was 0.24-0.37 mg GAE/g for total phenolic, 0.01-0.08 TEAC/g for total flavonoid, 0.01-0.38 mg TEAC/g for DPPH and 0.01-0.4 mg TEAC/g for CUPRAC. Maximum recovery (%) was obtained for the sample collected from Canakkale city of Turkey for total phenolics (7.3%), total flavonoids (5.9%) and DPPH (6.6%). The results of the present study showed that bee pollen can be used as a resource of bioactive compounds in the daily diet due to the bioaccessibility properties and be added to formulation of the different food products to improve functionality.
Chemical composition, antimicrobial activities, and molecular docking studies of Turkish propolis ethanol extract
(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2023) Ozbey, Gokben; Muz, Mustafa Necati; Tanriverdi, Elif Seren; Erkan, Sultan; Bulut, Niyazi; Otlu, Baris; Zigo, Frantisek
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of propolis ethanol extract col-lected from the Tarsus district of Mersin province, Kilis province, Yayladagi district of Hatay province in southern Turkiye and Sarkoy district of Tekirdag province of northwestern Turkiye against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Helicobacter pylori (ATCC 43504), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213). Their chemical constituents were detected via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). They were used in a molecular docking approach to search the interactions between the propolis compounds. A total of 24 phenolic compounds were detected in all samples. 3-4 dimethoxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid and genistein were indicated to be the predominant phenolic compounds in propolis extracts by LC-MS/MS, while rutin was found in the lowest concentra-tion. Phenolic compounds were detected in a high concentration of the propolis samples collected from the Tarsus dis-trict of Mersin province. The broth microdilution method determined minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values. MIC values ranged from 0.02 to 14 mg center dot mL-1. E. coli and S. aureus examined were as susceptible to the propolis extracts ex-cept for Mersin and Tekirdag propolis samples. The propolis sample collected from the Tarsus district of Mersin province presented the highest antibacterial activity on P aeruginosa with MIC values of 1 mg center dot mL-1. Active substances in propolis were docked to the relevant target proteins (5LMM, 4NX9, 5YHG, and 5FXT) representing E. coli (ATCC 25922), H. py-lori (ATCC 43504), P aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and S. aureus (ATCC 29213), and with the help of molecular simulation. With this study, we indicated that the ethanol extract of propolis had a stronger antibacterial activity on S. aureus isolates than that of E. coli, H. pylori, and P aeruginosa. Although each component of propolis contributed to the antibacterial activity, the contribution of the vitexin component to the antibacterial activity was found to be quite significant.
Detection of Feline Coronavirus, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline Leukemia Virus, and Other Pathogen Genetic Material in Whole Blood From Domestic Cats in Türkiye
(2023) Muz, Dilek; Muz, Mustafa Necati
Many pathogens threaten feline health at all ages. Some pathogens supp- ress the immune system in cats, induce immunodeficiency, and predispose cats to other pathogens. In this study, 150 clinically sick (n= 119) and healt- hy-looking (n = 31) cats presented to private veterinary clinics with suspi- cious feline infectious peritonitis were sampled. Feline coronavirus, feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus-1, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leu- kemia virus, parvovirus, and Anaplasma species were investigated using pathogen-specific polymerase chain reaction protocols. Analysis results and demographic information of cats were evaluated. According to results, the positivity rates of feline coronavirus, feline leukemia virus, Anaplasma sp., feline immunodeficiency virus, parvovirus, feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus were detected as 23.3%, 54%, 46%, 26%, 6.7%, 6% and 2.7%, respectively. The 11 cats (7.3%) were defined for wet feline infectious peri- tonitis. This research is the first report regarding feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus, and parvovirus infections in cats in Tekirdağ province. The results showed that viral agents and co-infections are common in domestic cats. Pathogen positivity was higher at younger ages and in clinically sick cats. The possibility of the coexistence of multiple pathogens in cats applying to the clinics should be considered for treatment success and the regulation of vaccination programs.
Detection of Feline Coronavirus, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline Leukemia Virus, and Other Pathogen Genetic Material in Whole Blood From Domestic Cats in Turkiye
(Aves, 2023) Muz, Dilek; Muz, Mustafa Necati
Many pathogens threaten feline health at all ages. Some pathogens suppress the immune system in cats, induce immunodeficiency, and predispose cats to other pathogens. In this study, 150 clinically sick (n = 119) and healthy-looking (n = 31) cats presented to private veterinary clinics with suspicious feline infectious peritonitis were sampled. Feline coronavirus, feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus-1, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, parvovirus, and Anaplasma species were investigated using pathogen-specific polymerase chain reaction protocols. Analysis results and demographic information of cats were evaluated. According to results, the positivity rates of feline coronavirus, feline leukemia virus, Anaplasma sp., feline immunodeficiency virus, parvovirus, feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus were detected as 23.3%, 54%, 46%, 26%, 6.7%, 6% and 2.7%, respectively. The 11 cats (7.3%) were defined for wet feline infectious peritonitis. This research is the first report regarding feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus, and parvovirus infections in cats in Tekirdag province. The results showed that viral agents and co-infections are common in domestic cats. Pathogen positivity was higher at younger ages and in clinically sick cats. The possibility of the coexistence of multiple pathogens in cats applying to the clinics should be considered for treatment success and the regulation of vaccination programs.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin (PCT), C reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide (NO) levels, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in sheep with natural babesiosis before and after treatment
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2018) Arslan, Sezai; Altuğ, Nuri; Muz, Mustafa Necati; Yüksek, Nazmi; Başbuğan, Yıldıray; Oruk Kılıç, Özlem
This study was carried out to reveal the importance of procalcitonin, C reactive protein, nitric oxide levels, and adenosine deaminase activity in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease in naturally infected sheep with Babesia ovis. Thirty sheep diagnosed clinically and parasitologically as having Babesia ovis were allocated to 2 groups. The first group was treated only with imidocarp dipropionate and the second group with imidocarp dipropionate and flunixine meglumin. On the seventh day after treatment, blood samples were collected again from the sheep in the babesiosis-infected group and the treatment responses were assessed. Serum PCT (1.72 +/- 0.34 ng/mL, P < 0.01), CRP (101.42 +/- 11.73 mu g/mL, P < 0.001), NO (15.77 +/- 2.75 mu mol/L, P < 0.01), and ADA (13.92 +/- 0.88 IU/L, P < 0.01) were higher in sheep with babesiosis than in the healthy sheep (0.49 +/- 0.04 ng/mL, 49.46 +/- 4.57 mu g/mL, 8.15 +/- 0.63 mu mol/L, 9.34 +/- 1.19 IU/L, respectively). When PCT, CRP, NO, and ADA before treatment and after treatment in the infected sheep were compared, the levels of these parameters except for ADA in the second group were determined to have statistically decreased after the treatment. As a result, it has been concluded that the measurements of PCT, CRP, NO, and ADA in sheep with babesiosis may be useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease when assessed in association with clinical examination.
Good farming practices in apiculture
(Office Int Epizooties, 2019) Rivera Gomis, J.; Bubnic, Jernej; Ribarits, A.; Moosbeckhofer, R.; Alber, O.; Kozmus, P.; Formato, Giovanni; Muz, Mustafa Necati
Modern European beekeeping is facing numerous challenges due to a variety of factors, mainly related to globalisation, agrochemical pollution and environmental changes. In addition to this, new pathogens threaten the health of European honey bees. In that context, correct colony management should encompass a wider vision, where productivity aspects are linked to a One Health approach in order to protect honey bees, humans and the environment. This paper describes a novel tool to be applied in beekeeping operations: good beekeeping practices (GBPs). The authors ranked a list of GBPs scored against their importance and validated by an international team, including researchers, national animal health authorities and international beekeepers' associations. These activities were carried out in the project 'BPRACTICES', approved within the transnational call of the European Research Area Network on Sustainable Animal Production (ERA-NET SusAn) in the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme of the European Union. This study, created through an international collaboration, aims to present an innovative and implementable approach, similar to applications already adopted in other livestock production systems.
ISRAEL ACUTE BEE PARALYSIS VIRUS PREVALENCE IN APIARIES WITH COLONY LOSS IN TÜRKİYE
(Bursa Uludag University, 2023) Muz, Dilek; Muz, Mustafa Necati
Honeybees are indispensable pollinator insects for vegetative pollination and biodiversity. Moreover, they serve medicinal importance with products such as honey, propolis, pollen, and royal jelly. Sudden bee deaths and colony collapse disorder (CCD) threaten the sustainability of colony health. Honeybee viruses, parasites, and pathogens trigger colony losses and CCD. This study investigated the presence and prevalence of Israeli acute bee paralysis virus (IAPV) in apiaries with sudden bee deaths, colony losses, and CCD-like problems in 16 provinces in different eco-geographic regions of Türkiye between 2011- 2021. Samples were tested for the coexistence of honeybee pathogens with IAPV. The sampled apiaries were evaluated for other bee pathogens such as Acute bee paralysis virus, Black queen bee virus, Chronic bee paralysis virus, Deformed wing virus, Kashmir bee virus, Lake Sinai virus, Sacbrood virus, Varroa mites, and Nosema sp. analyzed. Pathogen-specific RT-PCR assay was used for bee viruses. IAPV positivity was found to be 52.5% in apiaries. 97.5% of the sampled apiaries were positive for at least one pathogen. According to the results of this study, the presence of IAPV in apiaries suffering from colony loss and CCD-like problems was higher than in previous reports, and viruses of different species, Nosema sp., and varroa infestation were found to be frequently encountered. The results suggest that the coexistence of IAPV and multiple pathogens may be effective in colony losses. © 2023 The Author(s).
Molecular Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Brain Tissues of Some Wild Birds
(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2015) Muz, Mustafa Necati; Orunç Kılınç, Özlem; İşler, Cafer Tayer; Altuğ, Enes; Karakavuk, Muhammet
There are limited molecular studies about Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum which are economically important livestock protozoons in wild birds investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Molecular prevalance of both parasites in brain tissues of wild birds in Turkey is unknown. Prevalance of T. gondii was 7%, N. caninum was 14% and mix infection was found 4% in brain tissues of 101 wild birds under 20 species from two different regions of Turkey. The chi-square test has been applied to the acquired data. This is the first molecular biologic investigation for the aim of PCR diagnosis of T. gondii in brain tissues of Corvus corone, Melanitta fusca, Aquila heliaca, Aquila pomarina, Buteo rufinus, Accipiter nisus, Strix aluco and N. caninum in brain tissues of Larus genei, Corvus corone, Melanitta fusca, Anas clypeata, Perdix perdix, Aquila heliaca, Buteo rufinus in the world. This also is the first molecular diagnostic investigation of T. gondii and N. caninum in brain tissues of wild birds in Turkey.
Neonicotinoid Analysis in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Honey Samples Collected around Tekirdag in Turkey
(Hindawi Ltd, 2023) Özdemir, Nurullah; Muz, Mustafa Necati
In recent years, the widespread use of neonicotinoids in agricultural areas has caused environmental pollution due to its lower toxicity to mammals. Honey bees, which are considered as biological indicators of environmental pollution, can carry these pollutants to the hives. Forager bees returning from sunflower crops that have been treated with neonicotinoids treated sunflower fields cause residue accumulation in the hives, which reason colony-level adverse effects. This study analyses neonicotinoid residues in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) honey sampled by beekeepers from Tekirdag province. Honey samples have been subjected to liquid-liquid extraction methods before liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method validation was carried out to fulfill all the necessary requirements of procedures SANCO/12571/2013. Accuracy was in the range of 93.63-108.56%, for recovery in the range of 63.04-103.19%, and for precision in the range 6.03-12.77%. Detection and quantification limits were determined according to the maximum residue limits of each analyte. No neonicotinoid residues were found above the maximum residue limit in the sunflower honey samples analysed.
Presence of Neospora caninum DNA of Wild Birds from Turkey
(NLM (Medline), 2021) Karakavuk, Muhammet; Can, Hamit; Aldemir, D.; Döndüren, Ö.; Karakavuk, T.; Karakavuk, E.; Döşkaya, M.; Muz, Mustafa Necati
OBJECTIVE: Neospora caninum is a protozoon parasite that has a worldwide distribution and mainly causes abortion in cattle and current serological evidence shows that the disease may be also zoonotic. Wild birds play a role as a reservoir of the disease in nature. The study aimed to determine the prensence of N. caninum in wild birds. METHODS: In this study, the presence of neosporosis in wild birds (n=55) including 22 different species found in the western side of Turkey, was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, PCR positive samples were confirmed by sequencing, BLAST, and phylogenetic analysis using MEGA7. RESULTS: Obtained results showed that the presence of N. caninum DNA was 5.45% (3/55) in brain-heart homogenates wild birds. The bird species which were found positive for N. caninum were little owl (Athene noctua), common buzzard (Buteo buteo), and little tern (Sternula albifrons). According to phylogenetic analysis and BLAST, all samples were compatible with reference N. caninum isolates. CONCLUSION: To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first study detecting N. caninum in little tern. In future studies, it may be interesting to investigate the prevalence of N. caninum in other wild animals to elucidate the transmission properties.Amaç: Neospora caninum, dünya çapında dağılım gösteren ve esas olarak sığırlarda düşüklere neden olan protozoon bir parazittir ve güncel serolojik kanıtlar hastalığın zoonotik olabileceğini göstermektedir. Yabani kuşlar, doğada hastalığın rezervuarı olarak rol oynamaktadır. Çalışma, yabani kuşlarda N. caninum varlığının belirlenmesini amaçladı. Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin batısındaki 22 farklı yabani kuşta (n=55) neosporosis varlığı polimeraz zincir reaksiyon (PZR) ile araştırılmıştır. Ek olarak, PZR pozitif örnekler sekanslanarak MEGA7 kullanılarak BLAST ve filogenetik analiz ile doğrulanmıştır. Bulgular: Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yabani kuşların beyin-kalp homojenatlarının %5,45’inde (3/55) N. caninum DNA’sı saptanmıştır. Kukumav (Athene noctua), bayağı şahin (Buteo buteo) ve küçük sumru (Sternula albifrons) N. caninum pozitif bulunan kuş türleridir. Filogenetik analiz ve BLAST sonuçlarına göre, tüm örnekler referans N. caninum izolatları ile uyumlu olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Yazarların bildiği kadarıyla bu çalışma, küçük sumruda N. caninum tespit eden ilk çalışmadır. Gelecekteki çalışmalarda N. caninum bulaşma özelliklerini aydınlatmak amacıyla diğer vahşi hayvanlarda prevalansın araştırılması faydalı olabilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Küçük sumru, Neospora caninum, PZR, Türkiye, vahşi kuşlar.
Protozoan and Microbial Pathogens of House Cats in the Province of Tekirdag in Western Turkey
(Mdpi, 2021) Muz, Mustafa Necati; Erat, Serkan; Mumcuoglu, Kosta Y.
Domestic felines' re-emerging infectious and neglected zoonotic diseases are a significant focus of global One Health efforts. This study aimed to rapidly diagnose 14 pathogens, including zoonoses by using PCR primers in 167 client-owned symptomatic cats, routinely accepted to the Veterinary Clinics of Tekirdag. The prevalence of pathogens investigated were as follows: Babesia canis canis (24%), Babesia microti (2.4%), Hepatozoon felis (10.8%), Cytauxzoon felis (6.6%), Bartonella henselae (40.1%), Anaplasma platys (30.5%), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (7.2%), Rickettsia felis (26.3%), Borrelia burgdorferi (21%), and hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. (11.4%). There was a significant difference between the prevalence of the pathogens (chi(2) = 152.26, df = 9, p < 0.001). There was also a statistical difference between the gender of the cats in terms of the prevalence of all pathogens considered together (chi(2) = 4.80, df = 1, p = 0.028), where the female cats showed a higher prevalence. This was not the case for the different age groups (chi(2) = 2.92, df = 1, p = 0.088). The lowest infection was observed for B. microti (p < 0.001), while the highest infection was observed for B. henselae (p < 0.01). Leishmania donovani, Plasmodium spp., Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and Neoehrlichia mikurensis PCR test results were negative in all samples. In conclusion, house cats of Tekirdag are apparently highly susceptible to some neglected zoonoses important for One Health, and their prevalence in the region is most probably underestimated. Hence, applying PCR tests to assist fast clinic diagnosis in routine, may be an efficient option to protect the public as well as the cats from severe diseases.
( Standard methods for Apis mellifera beeswax research)
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Svecnjak, Lidija; Chesson, Lesley Ann; Gallina, Albino; Maia, Miguel; Martinello, Marianna; Mutinelli, Franco; Waters, Todd Alan; Muz, Mustafa Necati
Due to its multifunctional and complex role in the honey bee colony functioning and health (construction material allowing food storage, brood rearing, thermoregulation, mediation in chemical and mechanical communication, substrate for pathogens, toxins and waste), Apis mellifera beeswax has been widely studied over the last five decades. This is supported by a comprehensive set of scientific reports covering different aspects of beeswax research. In this article, we present an overview of the methods for studying chemical, biological, constructional, and quality aspects of beeswax. We provide a detailed description of the methods for investigating wax scales, comb construction and growth pattern, cell properties, chemical composition of beeswax using different analytical tools, as well as the analytical procedures for provenancing beeswax and beeswax-derived compounds based on the hydrogen isotope ratio (IRMS). Along with classical physico-chemical and sensory analysis, we describe more precise and accurate methods for detection of adulterants in beeswax (GC-MS and FTIR-ATR). Moreover, we present methods for studying the influence of beeswax (comb foundation) adulteration on comb construction. Analytical protocols for determining the pesticide residues using different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques are also described. As beeswax is an agent of high risk for the transmission of bee diseases, we present methods for detection of pathogens in beeswax. To ensure the reproducibility of experiments and results, we present best practice approaches and detailed protocols for all methods described, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
Tekirdağ'da "Koloni Kaybı Sendromu" Benzeri Kayıp Görülen Arılıklarda Bazı Patojenlerinin Araştırılması
(2017) Muz, Dilek; Muz, Mustafa Necati
Dünya'da on yıldan fazla süredir dikkat çeken koloni kayıpları, farklı etken ve faktörlerin etkileşimi ile ortaya çıkan arı sağlığı sorunu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bal arısı koloni sağlığını tehdit eden hastalık etkenleri arasında viruslar, Nosema ceranae ve Varroa destructor ciddi öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada 2015 ve 2016 yıllarında Tekirdağ ilindeki farklı arılıklardan gönderilen balarısı numuneleri incelenmiştir. Örnekler "koloni populasyonundaki beklenmeyen azalma veya ani koloni kaybı" şikâyetleriyle gönderilmiştir. Buna göre 17 arılıktan gönderilen 510 bal arısı örneği, Deforme kanat virusu (Deformed Wing Virus - DWV), Nosema cerenae ve Varroa destructor yönünden kontrol edilmiştir. Bu arılıkların tamamında varroosis tespit edilirken, DWV 15 arılıkta, N. ceranae ise 5 arılıkta tespit edilmiştir. DWV tespit edilemeyen iki arılıkta N. ceranae da tespit edilememiştir. Bu araştırmada, ani koloni kaybı sendromuna benzer şekilde görülen koloni kayıplarında DWV, Nosema cerena ve Varroa destructor'a rastlanma oranlarının araştırılarak bu konuda güncel veri sağlanması hedeflenmiştir.
The geographical distribution and first molecular analysis of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species in the Southern and Southeastern Turkey during the 2012 outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever
(Springer, 2014) Dik, B.; Muz, Dilek; Muz, Mustafa Necati; Uslu, U.
This study investigated the geographical distribution and molecular analysis of Culicoides species in the Southern and Southeastern Turkey during the 2012 outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF). The midge specimens caught by Onderstepoort-type light traps from livestock farms were tested for molecular evidence of existence of viral genome. Blood specimens were collected from clinically BEF-suspected acute febrile cattle. Total nucleic acid samples obtained from field specimens were checked against the BEF virus G gene and Culicoides internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) gene. A total of 20,845 Culicoides specimens (20,569 a (TM) Euroa (TM) Euro, 276 a (TM),a (TM),) comprising 11 species (Culicoides badooshensis, Culicoides circumscriptus, Culicoides gejgelensis, Culicoides imicola, Culicoides kibunensis, Culicoides longipennis, Culicoides newsteadi, Culicoides nubeculosus, Culicoides odiatus, Culicoides punctatus, Culicoides schultzei, Culicoides spp.) were collected. C. schultzei (18,032) was found as the dominant species and followed by C. imicola (1,857), C. nubeculosus complex (545), and C. circumscriptus (259), respectively. C. kibunensis was identified as new species for this region. PCR positivity of BEF was found 37.14 % (13/35) in blood samples whereas no viral genome was obtained from Culicoides specimens. Culicoides spp. ITS-1 gene sequences were analyzed phylogenetically with GenBank ITS-1 sequences. Molecular homology of Culicoides ITS-1 gene was ranged between 62.74 and 71.39 %. The results described first molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Culicoides ITS-1 gene with reference to the 2012 BEF outbreak in Turkey.
The investigation of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species and Bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus in Northwest Turkiye
(Springer, 2023) Muz, Dilek; Dik, Bilal; Muz, Mustafa Necati
Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) act as mechanical and biological vectors of arboviruses and are crucial in the global spread of these viruses. This study investigated the diversity of distribution of Culicoides species and the presence of Bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in Tekirdag province in Northwest Turkiye. The fourteen Culicoides species, such as Culicoides newsteadi, Culicoides schultzei, Culicoides nubeculosus comp., Culicoides punctatus, Culicoides circumscriptus, Culicoides obsoletus comp., Culicoides gejgelensis, Culicoides festivipennis, Culicoides longipennis, Culicoides spp., Culicoides pulicaris, Culicoides picturatus, Culicoides odiatus, Culicoides kurensis, and Culicoides flavipulicaris, were detected. Culicoides newsteadi, C. odiatus, and C. pulicaris were the most abundant species. Phylogenetic analyses of Culicoides species' ITS-1 gene region were performed. A pool of C. festivipennis was positive for SBV RNA, while the BTV genomic materials was not found in the qPCR analysis. This is the first report of the presence/detection of SBV in Culicoides species in Turkiye. The survey of bioecological and epizootiological aspects of vector species is essential in implementing effective control measures for arboviral infections.

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