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    Genome Size and Genetic Diversity of Some Ornithogalum Species
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020) Karagüzel, Özgül; Mutlu, Nedim; Göktürk, Ramazan; Tuna, Metin; Boyaci, Filiz
    Ornithogalum is an important species used as vegetable, ornamental and medicinal plant. Although several studies have been carried out on Ornithogalum genus, there is still limited information on its genome size and genetic diversity. The objective of the study was to determine genetic similarity of 13 Ornithogalum species (eleven non-endemic, two endemic) grown in southwest of Turkey by nuclear DNA content analysis determined by flow cytometer, and molecular markers using Random-Aplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP). The 2C nuclear DNA content of Ornithogalum species ranged from 18.7 to 45.7. The deduced ploidy levels of the species ranged from diploids to tetraploids. The correlation between the elevation at the place of origins of the species and predicted ploidy levels were significant with r(2)=0.42, possibly indicating that poliploidization might have contributed adaptation to higher elevation. In the study 19 RAPD, 6 ISSR and 2 SRAP primers were used that generated 315 molecular markers. Genetic similarities were determined by UPGMA (Unweighted-Pair Group Method Aritmetic Average) and similarity index was calculated according to Dice. The results showed a % 47 similarity determined between an O. nutans species and an O. alpigenum species. On the other hand, O. pyrenaicum separated from all other species. The wide genetic variation was detected among the Ornithogalum species. However, the total marker loci counted from RAPD, ISSR and SRAP markers did not correlate with the estimated ploidy levels.
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    Polyploidy creates higher diversity among Cynodon accessions as assessed by molecular markers
    (Springer, 2009) Gülsen, Osman; Sever Mutlu, Songül; Mutlu, Nedim; Tuna, Metin; Karagüzel, Osman; Shearman, Robert C.; Heng-Moss, Tiffany M.
    Developing a better understanding of associations among ploidy level, geographic distribution, and genetic diversity of Cynodon accessions could be beneficial to bermudagrass breeding programs, and would enhance our understanding of the evolutionary biology of this warm season grass species. This study was initiated to: (1) determine ploidy analysis of Cynodon accessions collected from Turkey, (2) investigate associations between ploidy level and diversity, (3) determine whether geographic and ploidy distribution are related to nuclear genome variation, and (4) correlate among four nuclear molecular marker systems for Cynodon accessions' genetic analyses. One hundred and eighty-two Cynodon accessions collected in Turkey from an area south of the Taurus Mountains along the Mediterranean cost and ten known genotypes were genotyped using sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), peroxidase gene polymorphism (POGP), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The diploids, triploids, tetraploids, pentaploids, and hexaploids revealed by flow cytometry had a linear present band frequency of 0.36, 0.47, 0.49, 0.52, and 0.54, respectively. Regression analysis explained that quadratic relationship between ploidy level and band frequency was the most explanatory (r = 0.62, P < 0.001). The AMOVA results indicated that 91 and 94% of the total variation resided within ploidy level and provinces, respectively. The UPGMA analysis suggested that commercial bermudagrass cultivars only one-third of the available genetic variation. SRAP, POGP, ISSR, and RAPD markers differed in detecting relationships among the bermudagrass genotypes and rare alleles, suggesting more efficiency of combinatory analysis of molecular marker systems. Elucidating Cynodon accessions' genetic structure can aid to enhance breeding programs and broaden genetic base of commercial cultivars.