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Öğe A comprehensive approach to winery wastewater treatment: a review of the state-of the-art(Desalination Publ, 2016) Lofrano, Giusy; Meriç, SüreyyaWinery industries generate large volumes of high-strength wastewater whose characteristics greatly vary depending on either seasons, production technologies or scale of the wineries. Winery wastewater (WW) is persistent to degrade by means of the conventional activated sludge process because of the high organic loading and polyphenolic content especially during vintage. To face this situation, a number of processes have recently been attempted as alternatives or integrative to biological treatments. However, there is still no agreement on the best practice to treat WW. Despite even more stringent standards, untreated or partially treated effluents continue to be improperly discharged into aquatic or soil matrixes, influencing microbial communities and physicochemical soil properties. This work presents a review on the state-of-the-art of management of wastewater originated from winery industries. Advantages and drawbacks of the treatment technologies at bench-, pilot-, and full-scale applications in the scientific literature have been considered to draw out a sustainable management scheme.Öğe A Review on Occurrence, Measurement, Toxicity and Tannin Removal Processes From Wastewaters(Gh Asachi Technical Univ Iasi, 2019) Lofrano, Giusy; Meriç, SüreyyaA wide range and globally active agro-industries such as olive oil processing, winery, tannery, textile and food production discharge a large volume of wastewater containing tannins. Tannins are complex structured chemicals which cause high organic content, requiring high dissolved oxygen in wastewater treatment plants or producing oxygen depletion in the aquatic environment. Tannins are known to be hardly degraded in biological treatment. There has been evidence that the presence of natural tannins can, to some extent, form antioxidant potential in wastewater while their degradation products can interact with the oxidants used in the treatment or final disinfection, the final effluent can display toxicity to aquatic species as well. Therefore, there has been a progressive but still to a limited extent of search to remove these compounds effectively. Several processes including physico-chemical, adsorption biological treatment, membranes treatment and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as ozone, electrocoagulation, UV/H2O2, Fenton processes, photocatalysis have been attempted to treat tannins in general as integrated to biological processes. This paper aims to present a critical review of the chemistry, as well as sources of tannins in industrial wastewater and gives informative data on their toxicity. It finally reviews treatment methods with their descriptive data on their efficacy to remove the tannins from different origin wastewater.Öğe Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Innovative Photocatalysts: A Review(MDPI, 2022) Lofrano, Giusy; Ubaldi, Francesca; Albarano, Luisa; Carotenuto, Maurizio; Vaiano, Vincenzo; Valeriani, Federica; Libralato, GiovanniWaterborne pathogens represent one of the most widespread environmental concerns. Conventional disinfection methods, including chlorination and UV, pose several operational and environmental problems; namely, formation of potentially hazardous disinfection by-products (DBPs) and high energy consumption. Therefore, there is high demand for effective, low-cost disinfection treatments. Among advanced oxidation processes, the photocatalytic process, a form of green technology, is becoming increasingly attractive. A systematic review was carried out on the synthesis, characterization, toxicity, and antimicrobial performance of innovative engineered photocatalysts. In recent decades, various engineered photocatalysts have been developed to overcome the limits of conventional photocatalysts using different synthesis methods, and these are discussed together with the main parameters influencing the process behaviors. The potential environmental risks of engineered photocatalysts are also addressed, considering the toxicity effects presented in the literature. © 2022 by the authors.Öğe Chemical and biological treatment technologies for leather tannery chemicals and wastewaters: A review(Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Lofrano, Giusy; Meriç, Süreyya; Zengin, Gülsum Emel; Orhon, DerinerinAlthough the leather tanning industry is known to be one of the leading economic sectors in many countries, there has been an increasing environmental concern regarding the release of various recalcitrant pollutants in tannery wastewater. It has been shown that biological processes are presently known as the most environmental friendly but inefficient for removal of recalcitrant organics and micro-pollutants in tannery wastewater. Hence emerging technologies such as advanced oxidation processes and membrane processes have been attempted as integrative to biological treatment for this sense. This paper, as the-state-of-the-art, attempts to revise the over world trends of treatment technologies and advances for pollution prevention from tannery chemicals and wastewater. It can be elucidated that according to less extent advances in wastewater minimization as well as in leather production technology and chemicals substitution, biological and chemical treatment processes have been progressively studied. However, there has not been a full scale application yet of those emerging technologies using advanced oxidation although some of them proved good achievements to remove xenobiotics present in tannery wastewater. It can be noted that advanced oxidation technologies integrated with biological processes will remain in the agenda of the decision makers and water sector to apply the best prevention solution for the future tanneries. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Comparison of TiO2 and ZnO catalysts for heterogenous photocatalytic removal of vancomycin B(Techno-Press, 2018) Lofrano, Giusy; Özkal, Can Burak; Carotenuto, Maurizio; Meriç, SüreyyaContinuous input into the aquatic ecosystem and persistent structures have created concern of antibiotics, primarily due to the potential for the development of antimicrobial resistance. Degradation kinetics and mineralization of vancomycin B (VAN-B) by photocatalysis using TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles was monitored at natural pH conditions. Photocatalysis (PC) efficiency was followed by means of UV absorbance, total organic carbon (TOC), and HPLC results to better monitor degradation of VAN-B itself. Experiments were run for two initial VAN-B concentrations (20-50 mgL(-1)) and using two catalysts TiO2 and ZnO at different concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 gL(-1)) in a multi-lamp batch reactor system (200 mL water volume). Furthermore, a set of toxicity tests with Daphnia magna was performed to evaluate the potential toxicity of oxidation by-products of VAN-B. Formation of intermediates such as chlorides and nitrates were monitored. A rapid VAN-B degradation was observed in ZnO-PC system (85% to 70% at 10 min), while total mineralization was observed to be relatively slower than TiO2-PC system (59% to 73% at 90 min). Treatment efficiency and mechanism of degradation directly affected the rate of transformation and by-products formation that gave rise to toxicity in the treated samples.Öğe Emerging Concern from Short-Term Textile Leaching: A Preliminary Ecotoxicological Survey(Springer, 2016) Lofrano, Giusy; Libralato, Giovanni; Carotenuto, Maurizio; Guida, M.; Inglese, M.; Siciliano, A.; Meriç, SüreyyaTextile dyes and their residues gained growing attention worldwide. Textile industry is a strong water consumer potentially releasing xenobiotics from washing and rinsing procedures during finishing processes. On a decentralised basis, also final consumers generate textile waste streams. Thus, a procedure simulating home washing with tap water screened cotton textiles leachates (n = 28) considering physico-chemical (COD, BOD5, and UV absorbance) and ecotoxicological data (Daphnia magna, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Lepidium sativum). Results evidenced that: (i) leachates presented low biodegradability levels; (ii) toxicity in more than half leachates presented slight acute or acute effects; (iii) the remaining leachates presented no effect suggesting the use of green dyes/additives, and/or well established finishing processes; (iv) no specific correlations were found between traditional physico-chemical and ecotoxicological data. Further investigations will be necessary to identify textile residues, and their potential interactions with simulated human sweat in order to evidence potential adverse effects on human health.Öğe Occurrence and potential risks of emerging contaminants in water(Elsevier Science Bv, 2020) Lofrano, Giusy; Libralato, Giovanni; Meriç, Süreyya; Vaiano, Vincenzo; Sacco, Olga; Venditto, Vincenzo; Carotenuto, Maurizio[No Abstract Available]Öğe Occurrence and potential risks of emerging contaminants in water(Elsevier, 2020) Lofrano, Giusy; Sacco, Olga; Venditto, Vincenzo; Carotenuto, Maurizio; Libralato, Giovanni; Guida, Marco; Meric, SureyyaContaminants of emerging concern (CECs) occur in the environment on a global scale and encompass a huge number of life style compounds, ranging from organic and inorganic compounds to nanoparticles, released into the environment because of human activities with the potential to harm biota and health. Owing to their extensive application, their continuous occurrence and release in wastewaters, sewage sludge, surface water and groundwaters, landfills, and waste have become an emerging issue to consider control measures for them. Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants are one of the main point sources of CECs to the environment as UWWTPs are usually not designed to effectively remove them. Although improvement of analytical techniques allowed the identification of widespread CECs in reduced concentrations (?g to ng/L) and in various environmental compartments, we are still far away from a complete classification of many CECs and their potential harmful effects. Therefore, providing data on occurrence, sources, and fate of CECs is essential for prioritizing and regulating them. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Polymer functionalized nanocomposites for metals removal from water and wastewater: An overview(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Lofrano, Giusy; Carotenuto, Maurizio; Libralato, Giovanni; Domingos, Rute F.; Markus, Arjen; Dini, Luciana; Meriç, SüreyyaPollution by metal and metalloid ions is one of the most widespread environmental concerns. They are non-biodegradable, and, generally, present high water solubility facilitating their environmental mobilisation interacting with abiotic and biotic components such as adsorption onto natural colloids or even accumulation by living organisms, thus, threatening human health and ecosystems. Therefore, there is a high demand for effective removal treatments of heavy metals, making the application of adsorption materials such as polymer-functionalized nanocomposites (PFNCs), increasingly attractive. PFNCs retain the inherent remarkable surface properties of nanoparticles, while the polymeric support materials provide high stability and processability. These nanoparticle-matrix materials are of great interest for metals and metalloids removal thanks to the functional groups of the polymeric matrixes that provide specific bindings to target pollutants. This review discusses PFNCs synthesis, characterization and performance in adsorption processes as well as the potential environmental risks and perspectives. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
