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Öğe Effects of mitomycin C and cyclosporine A on experimentally induced glaucoma filtration surgery in rabbit model(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2016) Kılıç, Servet; Kulualp, Kadri; Muzoğlu, Orhan; Özkaraca, MustafaThe present study aims at investigating the effect of topical administration of mitomycin C (MMC) used solely and combined with cyclosporine A (MMC+CsA) on inhibition of the granulation tissue proliferation in experimentally induced glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) in rabbits. A total of 18 New Zealand breed rabbits, control, MMC, and MMC+CsA groups of 6 subjects in each were used in the study. Clinical signs and complications in GFS region were evaluated using ophthalmoscopy, Schirmer tear test and tonometry 7 times at predetermined intervals between days 0-35. The right eyes of all subjects euthanized at the end of the study were harvested and histopathologically evaluated. According to clinical findings, GFS remained patent in all group subjects during the study except two subjects in the control group. Histopathological examination revealed marked cellular activities around GFS of the control group subjects as compared to the MMC and MMC+CsA groups. In this respect, no difference exists between two experimental groups. It has been observed that the intraocular pressure (IOP) value significantly decreased (P<0.005) in all groups on the day 5, which continued until the day 25 in control and MMC groups, and until the day 20 in the MMC+CsA group. The change in tear production rate showed to be more stable in the MMC+CsA than in the control and MMC groups. MMC and MMC+CsA are determined to have inhibited successfully granulation tissue proliferation around GFS and no marked difference was found between them as compared to the control group. It is suggested that in order to observe difference between these two groups, a more prolonged study is required.Öğe Effects of sex, eye-side, diurnal variation on intraocular pressure in calves(Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Univ Warmia & Mazury Olsztyn, 2019) Kulualp, Kadri; Kılıç, Servet; Aytekin, O.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of factors such as sex, eye-side and diurnal variation on intraocular pressure (IOP) values measured by Tono-Pen Vet (R) in healthy calves. Twenty four (12 males, 12 females) calves were used in this study. IOP measurements were performed in the morning (6: 00 a.m.) and at night (8: 00 p.m). Average IOP values in all calves were measured as 17.67 +/- 2.64 mmHg in the morning and 15.52 +/- 2.05 at night and the difference between these two time points was found to be statistically significant (p<0.0001). Average IOP values were measured as 16.04 +/- 2.82 mmHg in males and 17.15 +/- 2.23 mmHg in females with a statistically significant (p<0.05=0.023) difference between them. Average IOP values were 16.81 +/- 2.85 mmHg in right eyes and 16.37 +/- 2.23 mmHg in left eyes and the difference between these values were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). At the end of study, overall average IOP in all calves was measured as 16.59 +/- 2.59 mmHg. The present data showed a significant difference in terms of sex and diurnal variations and a non-significant difference in eye-side. In addition, this study is the first research article in which the intraocular pressure in calves was measured by Tono-Pen VetÖğe Efficacy of Several Therapeutic Agents in a Murine Model of Dry Eye Syndrome(Amer Assoc Laboratory Animal Science, 2016) Kılıç, Servet; Kulualp, KadriIn the current study, we used 56 female BALB/c mice with induced dry eye syndrome to evaluate the therapeutic effects of formal saline (FS), sodium hyaluronate (SH), diclofenac sodium (DS), olopatadine (OP), retinoic acid (RA), fluoromethanole (FML), cyclosporine A (CsA), and doxycycline hyclate (DH). All subjects were kept in an evaporative 'dry eye cabinet' for the assessment of blink rate, tear production, tear break-up time, and impression cytology prior to (baseline) and during weeks 2, 4, and 6 of the study. The right eyes of all subjects were treated topically with 5 AL of the test agent twice daily during weeks 2 through 6. Impression cytology and tear break-up time differed between time points in all groups and differed between groups at weeks 4 and 6. Blink rate differed by time point only in the FS, FML, and DH groups. Tear production according to the phenol red cotton thread test differed by time point for all groups except RA, CsA, and DH and differed between groups only at week 6. Among the compounds tested in the present study, DS and CsA were the most effective therapeutic agents in our mouse model of dry eye syndrome; these agents likely exert their therapeutic effect through their antiinflammatory activity.Öğe Evaluation of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Regarding Circadian Rhythm, Age, Sex and Eye Side in Awassi Sheep(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2018) Kulualp, Kadri; Kılıç, Servet; Çakır, Sema; Orhan, C.Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) in domestic animals has become a part of routine eye examination with advent of applanation tonometer. Delayed control of high IOP may lead to permanent blindness due to retinal ganglion cells dysfunction and optic nerve degeneration. This study aimed at evaluating IOP of Awassi sheep with respect to circadian rhythm, age, sex and eye sides and finally to establish a reference (baseline, normal) IOP value for this particular species. A total of 24 healthy sheep with different ages and sexes were used. The animals were divided into 2 equal groups, <1 (6 male, 6 female, n = 12) and >= 1 (6 male, 6 female, n = 12) years old. IOP measurements were performed twice, in the morning (6:00 a.m.) and in the evening (8:00 p.m.) with Tono-pen Vet (R) applanation tonometer. Mean LOP in the animals decreased from 16.21 mmHg in the morning to 12.65 mmHg in the evening with an approximately rate of 22% (P <0.0001). Comparison of mean LOP values of right eyes (n=12) to the left (n=12). male (n=48) to female (n-48), and ages < 1 (n=48) to >= 1 (n=48) showed no difference (P >0.05). The reference IOP for this animal was calculated as 14.43 +/- 2.72 mmHg notwithstanding any variable. It was concluded that in this breed IOP values can vary significantly as far as circadian rhythm is concerned and Tono-pen Vet (R) can be used for sheep IOP measurement as an alternative to other applanation tonometry.Öğe Glakomun Veteriner Cerrahi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi(2016) Kulualp, Kadri; Kılıç, Servet; Muzoğlu, OrhanBu derlemede aköz humörün oluşumundan sorumlu siliar cisim ile drenajında önemli rol oynayan ve ön kameral açıda yer alan trabeküler ağın yapıları, aköz humör drenajının farklı nedenlerle bozulması sonucu oluşan glakomun tanımı, sınıflandırılması, klinik belirtileri, tanısı ve sağaltımı mevcut literatürlerin ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Glakomun günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılan glakom filtrasyon cerrahisi (GFC, trabekülektomi) ve anterior kameral şant (AKŞ) gibi cerrahi sağaltım teknikleri ile GFC'nin uzun süreli başarısı üzerine önemli katkısı olan antiproliferatif ajanların detaylı değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Derlemenin küçük hayvan hekimleri ile veteriner göz hastalıklarına ilgi duyan genç araştırıcılara yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.Öğe Kangal Irkı Köpeklerde Fenol Kırmızısı Pamuk İpliği Testi (FKPT) Kullanılarak Fizyolojik Aköz Gözyaşı Üretim Miktarının Belirlenmesi(2019) Kulualp, Kadri; Yurdakul, İbrahim; Kılıç, ServetPrekorneal gözyaşı filmi (PGF), lakrimal fonksiyonel ünitenin önemli parçalarından biridir. Evcil hayvanlarda aköz gözyaşı üretim miktarının ölçümünde Schirmer gözyaşı testi (SGT) ile fenol kırmızısı pamuk ipliği testi (FKPT) kullanılmaktadır. SGT’ye alternatif olarak geliştirilen FKPT’nin minimal invaziv olması, uygulama süresinin kısalığı ve daha az refleks gözyaşı stimülasyonuna neden olması gibi avantajları bulunmasına rağmen SGT’ye oranla daha az tercih edildiği bilinmektedir. Sunulan çalışmada bölgemizde yaygın bir şekilde yetiştirilen Kangal ırkı köpeklerde FKPT ile daha önce rapor edilmeyen fizyolojik aköz gözyaşı üretim miktarının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmanın materyalini, 14’ü 1 yaş altı (7 Erkek, 7 Dişi, n=14, 28 göz), 14’ü ise 1 yaş üstü (7 Erkek, 7 Dişi, n=14, 28 göz) olmak üzere eşit sayıda 2 gruba (I. grup, II. grup) ayrılan toplam 28 adet Kangal ırkı sağlıklı köpek oluşturdu. Deneklerin her iki gözünün aköz gözyaşı üretim miktarları, lateral kantuslarına 15 saniye süreyle yerleştirilen fenol kırmızısı pamuk iplikleriyle ölçüldü. Ölçümler sonunda her iki grubun sağ ve sol gözlerinden alınan aköz gözyaşı üretim miktarı ortalamaları arasındaki fark istatistiki açıdan önemsiz bulundu (P>0.05). Ölçüm ortalaması 27.55±0.25 mm/15 sn. olarak kaydedilen I. grup ile ölçüm ortalaması 27.07±0.31 mm/15 sn. olarak saptanan II. grup arasındaki fark da önemsiz bulundu (P>0.05). Yaş ve göz yönü gibi değişkenler dikkate alınmaksızın tüm köpeklerin (n=28, 56 göz) fizyolojik aköz gözyaşı üretim miktarı ortalaması ise 27.31±0.20 mm/15 sn. olarak kaydedildi. Bu çıktılar, FKPT’nin Kangal ırkı köpeklerde aköz gözyaşı üretim miktarının ölçümünde güvenli ve hızlı sonuçlar verdiğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen verilerin bu alanda çalışan araştırmacılar ile klinisyenler tarafından referans olarak alınabileceği düşünülmektedir.Öğe Kuru Göz Fare Modelinde Sığır Amniyotik Sıvısının Terapötik Etkisinin Bazı Klinik ve Histopatolojik Parametreler Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi(2019) Kulualp, Kadri; Kılıç, Servet; Eröksüz, Yesari; Eröksüz, Hatice; Aslan, AbdullahBu çalışmada, kuru göz (KG) fare modelinde sığır amniyotik sıvısının (SAS) 4 farklıkonsantrasyonunun terapötik etkisinin bazı klinik ve histopatolojik parametreler yönündenaraştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışmanın materyalini rastgele ve eşit sayıda 6 gruba ayrılan 60 adetBALB/c ırkı dişi fare oluşturdu. Kontrol grubu hariç diğer 5 grubu oluşturan deneklerin her ikigözüne KG modeli oluşturmak amacıyla 14 gün süreyle günde 2 defa %0.2’lik BEK (benzalkonyumklorid)’den 5 µL damlatıldı. 15 ile 30. günler arasında ise II. gruba (KG grubu) %0.9’luk izotonikserum fizyolojik, III. gruba %20 SAS, IV. gruba %35 SAS, V. gruba %50 SAS, VI. gruba ise%100’lük SAS’tan günde 3 defa 5 µL damlatıldı. Tüm gruplar, çalışma boyunca göz kırpma sayısıve konjunktival goblet hücre sayısı; çalışma sonunda ise histopatolojik olarak korneal epitelyalkalınlık, korneal damarlaşma ve yangısal hücre sayısı parametreleri yönünden değerlendirildi.Çalışma sonunda en etkili sonuçlar, göz kırpma sayısı için %35, %50 ve %100 SAS, konjunktivalgoblet hücre sayısı için %35 SAS gruplarında alındı. KG grubu deneklerin korneal epitelyaltabakalarının kontrol grubuna göre belirgin şekilde inceldiği, korneal damarlaşma ve yangısal hücresayılarının ise arttığı saptandı. Bu parametrelere göre en etkili sonuçlar %35 ve %50 SASgruplarında alındı. Bu sonuçlar, SAS’ın orta ve yüksek konsantrasyonlarının KG’nin klinik vehücresel belirtileri üzerine faydalı etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir.Öğe Measurement of intraocular pressure in clinically normal Turkish Shepherd Dogs with the rebound tonometer (TonoVet (R)) and the applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen Vet (R))(Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2018) Kulualp, Kadri; Yurdakul, İbrahim; Erol, Hanifi; Atalan, Gültekin; Kılıç, ServetThe current study was undertaken to establish reference values of intraocular pressure in clinically normal Turkish Shepherd Dogs with the rebound tonometer (TonoVet (R)) and the applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen Vet (R)). Twenty-eight dogs (14 male and 14 female, aged 9 months-9 years, 56 eyes) were used in this study. All animals were healthy and showed no abnormalities in ophthalmic examinations, which consisted of the Schirmer tear test, slit lamp bio-microscopy, and fluorescein staining. The animals were restrained manually without using systemic anesthetics or tranquilizers. IOP was measured in both eyes with a TonoVet (R) and a Tono-Pen Vet (R). In normal dogs, the mean IOP values for all eyes were 17.63 +/- 3.34 mmHg according to the TonoVet (R) and 14.95 +/- 2.92 mmHg according to the Tono-Pen Vet (R). There was no effect of sex, age, or eye side (right vs. left) on the results obtained with either the TonoVet (R) or the Tono-Pen Vet (R). The mean IOP obtained with the rebound tonometer was 2-3 mmHg higher than that measured with the applanation tonometer. The reference data obtained in the present study may assist in diagnostic testing for ophthalmic diseases in Turkish Shepherd Dogs and may promote further studies in this area.Öğe Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Bovine Amniotic Fluids Collected in Different Trimesters on the Epidural Fibrosis After Experimental Laminectomy in Rats(Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Yurtal, Ziya; Kulualp, Kadri; Özkan, Hüseyin; Mıcılı, Serap Cilaker; Doğan, Halef; Şişman, Ali Riza; Ersoy, NevinBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of bovine amniotic fluid (BAF) on the inhibition of epidural fibrosis (EF) after experimental laminectomy. -METHODS: Forty female Sprague Dawley rats were used. The amniotic fluids were collected from each trimester of a pregnant cow. The rats were divided into 5 groups. Whereas no laminectomy was applied to the con-trol group, animals in the sham group underwent lam-inectomy. Laminectomy was performed in the animals in other groups and the operation area was closed by drip-ping 1 mL of BAF collected in 3 trimesters of pregnancy. Animals were killed 28 days after the operation.RESULTS: Compared with control, VEGF gene expression levels were downregulated approximately 5-fold in BAF-2. Whereas IL-6 was upregulated approximately 8-fold in the sham, it was downregulated 5-fold and 3-fold in BAF-1 and BAF-2, respectively. There was downregulation in BAF-2 and BAF-3 in terms of CD105 gene expression levels. TGFb1 was upregulated approximately 2-fold in the sham group and downregulated in BAF-1 and BAF-2. Although histopathologic alterations including EF grade and fibro-blast cell density were found to increase in the sham group, all BAF treatment decreased those of alterations. The highest CD105 immunoreactivity was detected in the sham group. All BAF treatment markedly aggravated fibrosis via decreasing CD105 immunoreactivity. In terms of grading parameters, almost the closest grades to the con-trol were determined in the BAF-2. BAF collected in the second trimester is most effective in healing of scar tissue and preventing fibrosis via decreasing microvessel and fibroblast densities.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that BAF may be used as a potential protective agent to prevent EF.Öğe Tear Production Rate in a Mouse Model of Dry Eye According to the Phenol Red Thread and Endodontic Absorbent Paper Point Tear Tests(Amer Assoc Laboratory Animal Science, 2016) Kılıç, Servet; Kulualp, KadriThis study compared the endodontic absorbent paper point test (EAPTT) and the phenol red thread test (PRTT) for the assessment of tear production rate in a mouse model of dry eye. Fourteen BALB/c breed female mice were allocated into experimental and control groups of equal number. For 6 wk, the experimental group was kept in dry-eye cabinets, whereas the control group was kept in normal cages under ambient conditions. In both groups, the tear production rate was measured by using EAPTT and PRTT before the study, at study baseline, and at weeks 2, 4, and 6. Tear production at weeks 2, 4, and 6 differed significantly between groups and tests. Evaluating the groups independently in terms of the test technique revealed significant differences in teat production rate between the 2 groups at the same measurement times. Due to their persistent exposure to evaporative stress factors, the tear production rate of the mice in the dry-eye cabinet was consistently lower than that of controls. Unlike PRTT, EAPTT can be readily applied to the small globes of laboratory animals without the need for forceps, thus saving time and effort. In addition, EAPTT was practical and imposed no undue stress on the mice, due to the test material's firmer structure. Therefore, compared with PRTT, EAPTT is safer and more reliable for the diagnosis of dry-eye syndrome in mice.Öğe Therapeutic effect of bovine amniotic fluid in murine dry eye model(Hokkaido Univ, 2020) Kulualp, Kadri; Kılıç, Servet; Eroksuz, Yesari; Eroksuz, Hatice; Aslan, AbdullahThis study investigated the therapeutic effect of bovine amniotic fluid (BAF) in dry eye (DE) model in 60 female BALB/c mice divided equally into 6 groups. Control group (CG) received 5 mu L formal saline and experimental groups 0.2% benzalkonium chloride in both eyes twice a day during 14 days. From 15 to 30 days while CG and DE group only was administered saline, other groups called BAF20, BAF35, BAF50 and BAF100 received 5 mu L 20, 35, 50 and 100% BAF three times a day, respectively. On day 15, in all experimental groups tear production decreased, tear break-up time shortened, corneal fluorescein staining score increased compared to baseline; on day 30, for these parameters the most effective BAF concentrations were 35%, 50% and 100%. According to western blot analysis the lowest levels were obtained in CG and BAF35 groups for tumor necrosis factora (TNF-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cytokeratin 10 (K10); CG for adiponectin receptor-1 (AdipoR1); BAF35 and CG for adiponectin receptor-2 (AdipoR2) (P < 0.05). In the immunohistochemical analysis the lowest levels were in CG, BAF35, BAF50 and BAF100 groups for TNF-alpha, VEGF and K10; CG, BAF35 and BAF50 groups for AdipoR1; CG, BAF20, BAF35 and BAF50 groups for AdipoR2 (P < 0.05). TUNEL method revealed a lower apoptotic cell score in all BAF groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion; moderate to high concentrations of BAF have the more beneficial effects on DE at molecular and clinical signs and it can be used for the treatment.
