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    First Trials of Genome Analyses in Some Onobrychis Species using Dot-Blot and Genomic in situ Hybridization Techniques
    (2024) Yücel, Gülru; Kolano, Bozena; Cabi, Evren; Tuna, Metin
    The origin and genome composition of tetraploid cultivated Onobrychis viciifolia (2n = 4x = 28) were analyzed using dot-blot and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) techniques. Dot-blot hybridization was used to find a genomic affinity between O. viciifolia and 16 diploid Onobrychis species. The hypothesis on the origin of the O. viciifolia was tested using GISH. Dot-blot analyses suggested a genomic affinity between O. viciifolia and four diploid Onobrychis species (O. kachetica, O. supina, O. pallasii, and O. vaginalis). Hybridization signals were observed on O. viciifolia chromosomes when gDNA of O. kachetica, O. supina, O. pallasi, and O. hypargyrea were used as probes. However, the observed chromosomal distribution of hybridization signals did not resemble GISH results. The observed signals colocalized with 35S rDNA or dispearse signals on all chromosomes were observed depending on the probe. Further investigations using more comprehensive and comparative analysis with both coding and repetitive DNA regions may provide a better understanding of the genome composition and evolution of O. viciifolia.
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    The Chromosome Number and rDNA Loci Evolution in Onobrychis (Fabaceae)
    (MDPI, 2022) Yücel, Gülru; Betekhtin, Alexander; Cabi, Evren; Tuna, Metin; Hasterok, Robert; Kolano, Bozena
    The evolution of chromosome number and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci number and localisation were studied in Onobrychis Mill. Diploid and tetraploid species, as well as two basic chromosome numbers, x = 7 and x = 8, were observed among analysed taxa. The chromosomal distribution of rDNA loci was presented here for the first time using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with 5S and 35S rDNA probes. Onobrychis species showed a high polymorphism in the number and localisation of rDNA loci among diploids, whereas the rDNA loci pattern was very similar in polyploids. Phylogenetic relationships among the species, inferred from nrITS sequences, were used as a framework to reconstruct the patterns of basic chromosome number and rDNA loci evolution. Analysis of the evolution of the basic chromosome numbers allowed the inference of x = 8 as the ancestral number and the descending dysploidy and polyploidisation as the major mechanisms of the chromosome number evolution. Analyses of chromosomal patterns of rRNA gene loci in a phylogenetic context resulted in the reconstruction of one locus of 5S rDNA and one locus of 35S rDNA in the interstitial chromosomal position as the ancestral state in this genus.