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    Bidirectional tick transport by migratory birds of the African-Western Palearctic flyway over Turkish Thrace: observation of the current situation and future projection
    (Springer, 2024) Bacak, Ergun; Ozsemir, Arif Cemal; Akyildiz, Gurkan; Gungor, Umut; Bente, Dennis; Keles, Aysen Gargili; Beskardes, Vedat
    This study was carried out at a vital stopover site of migrating birds in the Turkish Thrace, European part of Turkey, on the Mediterranean/Black Sea Flyway. Ticks were collected from the birds captured in the four migration periods, i.e., autumn 2020, spring 2021, autumn 2021, and spring 2022, and identified morphologically. Throughout the study, 10,651 birds from 77 species were examined, and 671 belonging to 34 species were found infested. The infestation prevalence in total birds and the mean number of ticks per infested bird were 6.3% and 3.8 (range: 1-142), respectively. A total of 2573 ticks were collected with the following species distribution and numbers: Ixodes spp. 70 larvae, I. frontalis 1829 larvae, 337 nymphs, and 30 adults, I. acuminatus 16 nymphs and 42 adults, I. ricinus 39 larvae, 141 nymphs, and one adult, Hyalomma spp. seven larvae and 60 nymphs, and Haemaphysalis sp. one larva. Prevalence, intensity, and species distribution of the ticks in birds varied depending on the month, season, year, and species-specific migration phenology of the birds. The results show that precise determination of the tick-borne risk associated with migratory birds for a particular region necessarily requires long-term and comprehensive studies and indicates that anthropogenic climate change and habitat degradation can significantly differentiate the risk by influencing the migration phenology in birds and by making new regions suitable for the establishment of different ticks.
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    Detection of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Genome in Questing Ixodes spp. and Haemaphysalis spp. in the Periurban Forestry Areas of Istanbul: Has a New Biorisk Emerged?
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2023) Ahrabi, Salar Zarrabi; Akyildiz, Gurkan; Kar, Sirri; Keles, Aysen Gargili
    Background: Istanbul is one of the world's most densely populated metropolitan cities, with various geographical areas that possess distinct characteristics. These areas have different climates, vegetation, and host populations that can support the survival of diverse tick species. Turkey is a region with a high risk of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) disease, making it crucial to screen for this risk, especially in densely populated regions such as Istanbul and its surrounding areas. However, the presence of potential vectors for CCHF virus (CCHFV) in these areas has not been studied in the past 12 years.Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 676 ticks were collected from 6 centers using the flagging and dragging method. Ticks were identified as Ixodes ricinus (7.85%), Ixodes spp. immature form (73.22%), Haemaphysalis parva (0.89%), Haemaphysalis inermis (0.15%), and Haemaphysalis spp. immature form (17.89%). Pooled samples were screened for the CCHFV genome (S segment) by RT-nested PCR.Results: A total of 14.28% of the samples were found as positive. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the CCHFV sequences obtained from the positive samples were clustered in clade V: Europe/Turkey genogroup.Conclusion: This study suggests that ixodes spp. and Haemaphysalis spp. may have the potential to pose a biorisk for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
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    Human Biting Plant Bug Campyloneura virgula (Hemiptera: Miridae): ): First Case Report in Türkiye
    (Marmara Univ, Inst Health Sciences, 2024) Ahrabi, Salar Zarrabi; Sakaci, Zafer; Akyildiz, Guerkan; Keles, Aysen Gargili; Talay, Sengul; Kar, Sirri
    Campyloneura virgula is a plant bug found in many parts of the world. While information about the human biting of this insect is available in the literature, this is the first case report of such an incident in T & uuml;rkiye. The patient was a 44-year-old man who was bitten by Campyloneura virgula in June of 2021. Clinical signs were recorded, and the bite's effects were reduced within a few days. Possible reasons and outcomes of the incident were discussed.