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    Evaluation of information accuracy and clarity: ChatGPT responses to the most frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2024) Sahin, Mehmet Fatih; Keles, Anil; Oezcan, Ridvan; Dogan, Cagri; Topkac, Erdem Can; Akgul, Murat; Yazici, Cenk Murat
    Background Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most prevalent sexual dysfunction in men, and like many diseases and conditions, patients use Internet sources like ChatGPT, which is a popular artificial intelligence-based language model, for queries about this andrological disorder.Aim The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality, readability, and understanding of texts produced by ChatGPT in response to frequently requested inquiries on PE.Methods In this study we used Google Trends to identify the most frequently searched phrases related to PE. Subsequently, the discovered keywords were methodically entered into ChatGPT, and the resulting replies were assessed for quality using the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) program. The produced texts were assessed for readability using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), and DISCERN metrics.Outcomes This investigation has identified substantial concerns about the quality of texts produced by ChatGPT, highlighting severe problems with reading and understanding.Results The mean EQIP score for the texts was determined to be 45.93 +/- 4.34, while the FRES was 15.8 +/- 8.73. Additionally, the FKGL score was computed to be 15.68 +/- 1.67 and the DISCERN score was 38.1 +/- 3.78. The comparatively low average EQIP and DISCERN scores suggest that improvements are required to increase the quality and dependability of the presented information. In addition, the FKGL scores indicate a significant degree of linguistic intricacy, requiring a level of knowledge comparable to about 14 to 15 years of formal schooling in order to understand. The texts about treatment, which are the most frequently searched items, are more difficult to understand compared to other texts about other categories.Clinical Implications The results of this research suggest that compared to texts on other topics the PE texts produced by ChatGPT exhibit a higher degree of complexity, which exceeds the recommended reading threshold for effective health communication. Currently, ChatGPT is cannot be considered a substitute for comprehensive medical consultations.Strengths and Limitations This study is to our knowledge the first reported research investigating the quality and comprehensibility of information generated by ChatGPT in relation to frequently requested queries about PE. The main limitation is that the investigation included only the first 25 popular keywords in English.Conclusion ChatGPT is incapable of replacing the need for thorough medical consultations.
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    Responses of Five Different Artificial Intelligence Chatbots to the Top Searched Queries About Erectile Dysfunction: A Comparative Analysis
    (Springer, 2024) Sahin, Mehmet Fatih; Ates, Huseyin; Keles, Anil; Ozcan, Ridvan; Dogan, Cagri; Akgul, Murat; Yazici, Cenk Murat
    The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the quality and readability of responses generated by five different artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots-ChatGPT, Bard, Bing, Ernie, and Copilot-to the top searched queries of erectile dysfunction (ED). Google Trends was used to identify ED-related relevant phrases. Each AI chatbot received a specific sequence of 25 frequently searched terms as input. Responses were evaluated using DISCERN, Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP), and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Reading Ease (FKRE) metrics. The top three most frequently searched phrases were erectile dysfunction cause, how to erectile dysfunction, and erectile dysfunction treatment. Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Ghana exhibited the highest level of interest in ED. None of the AI chatbots achieved the necessary degree of readability. However, Bard exhibited significantly higher FKRE and FKGL ratings (p = 0.001), and Copilot achieved better EQIP and DISCERN ratings than the other chatbots (p = 0.001). Bard exhibited the simplest linguistic framework and posed the least challenge in terms of readability and comprehension, and Copilot's text quality on ED was superior to the other chatbots. As new chatbots are introduced, their understandability and text quality increase, providing better guidance to patients.
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    The Effect of Ventilation Mode in Anesthesia on Renal Mobility During Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery: A Single-Blind Randomized Study
    (Urol & Nephrol Res Ctr-Unrc, 2023) Dogan, Cagri; Akgul, Murat; Sahin, Ayhan; Yazici, Cenk Murat; Sahin, Mehmet Fatih; Altin, Enes; Keles, Anil
    Purpose: Renal mobility can present challenges for surgeons during stone fragmentation. The respiratory setup of the mechanical ventilator during RIRS might affect renal mobility. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of high ventilation (HV) and standard ventilation (SV) modes on renal mobility during RIRS.Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent RIRS at a single center between November 2020 and November 2021 were retrospectively included in the study. Renal mobility was measured under fluoroscopic view in HV and SV modes during retrograde pyelography. The surgeon, who was blind about mechanical ventilation modes, was asked to assess the renal movement grade. After the ventilation mode was changed, the surgeon reassessed renal mobility. The data and the surgeon's assessment were recorded and compared to each other.Results: A total of 86 patients with a mean age of 48.6 +/- 15.7 years were included in the study. There was a significant difference between the SV and HV modes in terms of renal mobility in fluoroscopic view (17.1 +/- 6.1 mm and 13.6 +/- 5.2mm, respectively; p = 0.007). According to the surgeon's assessments, the grade of renal mobility was found to be significantly higher in the SV group 2.8 +/- 1.1 compared to the HV group 2.2 +/- 0.8 (p = 0.001). Renal movement increased significantly under fluoroscopic vision as the renal grading of the surgeon increased (p = 0.013). This data demonstrated that the surgeon's assessment of renal mobility was significantly correlated with fluoroscopic kidney movement.Conclusion: Kidney movement was decreased significantly in HV mode during RIRS according to both fluoroscopic findings and surgeon assessment. Most surgeries of mobile kidneys were performed in HV mode, due to the surgeon's preference.
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    The Predictive Factors for the Longer Survival of the Reusable Flexible Ureterorenoscopy
    (Springer, 2023) Dogan, Cagri; Demir, Aslan; Sahin, Mehmet Fatih; Keles, Anil; Ates, Huseyin; Akgul, Murat; Yazici, Cenk Murat
    PurposeThe flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) is expensive and fragile equipment which easily break down during the surgery. f-URS have yet some problems with their durability that affect survival. One of the most important ways to increase the survival of a device is to improve its use in the right indications. We aimed to investigate whether the durability of the f-URS will be affected due to the volume and location of the stone and some anatomical features of the including infundibulopelvic angle (IPA), and location anomalies.Materials and methodsThe collected data from 705 patients' data including their age, sex, stone location, and stone volume, S-ReSC score, Hounsfield unit (HU) as stone density, IPA, BMI, and the usage time of f-URS using 10f-URS were included to study. Exp(B) values and confidence intervals (95% CIs) of parameters were calculated with COX regression and Roc curve analysis was also used to determine the cut-off value.ResultsRenal malformation, DJstent use, previous ESL application, and UAS use did not affect contrary to expectations stone volume, HU, IPA, and S-ReSC score were among the factors statistically significant affecting the durability of the device. It was observed, Exp(B) values of the affecting factors to be 0.984, 0.268, 0.894, and 0.607, respectively. We found the most appropriate cutoff value for IPA as 41.25 degrees.ConclusionThe mean stone volume broken by each of the subsequent f-URS may increase, while the mean operative time may decrease as time progresses. This result shows us the importance of mastery of the device, such as the deflection maneuver, and the correct use distance of the laser, which improves with the increase in user experience, and makes us interpret that the operation time is shortened with this self-confidence. Factors including stone volume, HU, IPA, S-ReSC score affect the durability of the f-URS device and the as well as manufacturing features.