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    Detection of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Genome in Questing Ixodes spp. and Haemaphysalis spp. in the Periurban Forestry Areas of Istanbul: Has a New Biorisk Emerged?
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2023) Ahrabi, Salar Zarrabi; Akyildiz, Gurkan; Kar, Sirri; Keles, Aysen Gargili
    Background: Istanbul is one of the world's most densely populated metropolitan cities, with various geographical areas that possess distinct characteristics. These areas have different climates, vegetation, and host populations that can support the survival of diverse tick species. Turkey is a region with a high risk of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) disease, making it crucial to screen for this risk, especially in densely populated regions such as Istanbul and its surrounding areas. However, the presence of potential vectors for CCHF virus (CCHFV) in these areas has not been studied in the past 12 years.Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 676 ticks were collected from 6 centers using the flagging and dragging method. Ticks were identified as Ixodes ricinus (7.85%), Ixodes spp. immature form (73.22%), Haemaphysalis parva (0.89%), Haemaphysalis inermis (0.15%), and Haemaphysalis spp. immature form (17.89%). Pooled samples were screened for the CCHFV genome (S segment) by RT-nested PCR.Results: A total of 14.28% of the samples were found as positive. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the CCHFV sequences obtained from the positive samples were clustered in clade V: Europe/Turkey genogroup.Conclusion: This study suggests that ixodes spp. and Haemaphysalis spp. may have the potential to pose a biorisk for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
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    Human Biting Plant Bug Campyloneura virgula (Hemiptera: Miridae): ): First Case Report in Türkiye
    (Marmara Univ, Inst Health Sciences, 2024) Ahrabi, Salar Zarrabi; Sakaci, Zafer; Akyildiz, Guerkan; Keles, Aysen Gargili; Talay, Sengul; Kar, Sirri
    Campyloneura virgula is a plant bug found in many parts of the world. While information about the human biting of this insect is available in the literature, this is the first case report of such an incident in T & uuml;rkiye. The patient was a 44-year-old man who was bitten by Campyloneura virgula in June of 2021. Clinical signs were recorded, and the bite's effects were reduced within a few days. Possible reasons and outcomes of the incident were discussed.
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    Identification and Assemblage Types of Giardia duodenalis from Patients in Thrace, Turkey
    (Doc Design Informatics Co Ltd, 2019) Kucuk, Sadiye Kaplan; Akyildiz, Gurkan; Bircan, Rifat; Yilmazer, Nadim; Gargili, Aysen; Kar, Sirri
    Objective: Giardiasis is a common disease, and clinical forms can vary based on the assemblage types of the parasite. Detailed information on the subgenotypes may indicate the transmission routes and enlighten the gaps in the epidemiology of the disease. This study aims to reveal the occurrence of giardiasis in Thrace, Turkey, and assemblage types of Giardia duodenalis. Materials and Methods: In total, 573 stool samples taken from the individuals applied to Tekirdag Central State Hospital in 2009, were examined by wet-mount and zinc sulfate floatation methods. Giardia-positive 26 samples and 64 samples taken from the individuals with gastrointestinal complaints were analyzed by nested PCR-RFLP to differentiate the assemblage types. Sequence analysis was employed for confirmation of assemblage types and subgenotypes. Results: Giardia spp. cysts were detected in 3.66% and 4.54% of the samples with wet-mount and zinc sulphate floatation techniques respectively. A total of 27 samples were found positive by nested PCR-RFLP out of 90 samples. Fifteen samples were determined as assemblage A, 2 and 10 samples as B and B/E mix respectively. Sequence analysis showed that the latter assemblage (B/E mix) as A3-B3 mix. Conclusion: Fast identification techniques, namely zinc sulphate flotation can be used for screening stool samples in order to determine Giardia cysts with considerably high sensitivity and specificity. Based on this method, the occurrence rate of giardiasis was found as 4.54% in the studied group. DNA sequencing is necessary to distinguish assemblages and confirm the results of PCR-RFLP.
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    Monthly Activation Dynamics and Local Dispersion Patterns of Three Ecophysiologically-Different Woodlice Species (Isopoda: Oniscidea) in the Same Locality in Eastern Thrace, Turkey
    (Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2024) Tulgar, Nesrin Kaynak; Akcay, Aytac; Bagci, Elife Zerrin; Kar, Sirri
    The monthly activation dynamics, habitual shelter usage and local dispersion preference of the isopod species Porcellio laevis, Porcellio dilatatus and Armadillo officinalis (Isopoda: Oniscidea) in the same locality in Turkey were studied. The aim of the study was to examine how these species, which originated from North Africa, cooler parts of Europe and the Mediterranean basin, respectively, having different climate preferences, responded to the same climatic and environmental conditions. The study revealed that these species could subsist in sympatric populations under certain environmental circumstances. However, their geographical origin and possible evolutionary background were clearly reflected in the form of monthly activation, local dispersion and use of habitual shelters. © 2024 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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    Monthly infestation characteristics of ticks in dogs in Turkish Thrace: Possible urbanization trends in some sylvatic tick species
    (Systematic & Applied Acarology Soc London, Natural History Museum, 2023) Uruc, Berkan; Talay, Sengul; Sakaci, Zafer; Sirin, Deniz; Kar, Sirri
    In recent decades, significant increases and/or drastic changes have been recorded in the prevalence, intensity, and distribution of ticks worldwide, which are known to be fueled by the climate change. However, there are many intertwined drivers affecting ticks, the degree of their influence of which is contingent and difficult to determine, and it is known that elucidating the factors is crucial to understand the current tick ecology and predicting the future trend. This study was carried out to determine monthly dynamics of tick infestation in owned and stray dogs under the influence of hot dry summer sub-type of the Mediterranean climate in Thrace region, European part of Turkey. During the survey performed in 2017 on monthly basis, 1605 different dogs from ten different localities in Thrace were examined for ticks. Infestation was determined in 137 (8.54%) dogs. The highest monthly prevalence (34.03%) was recorded in May. In total, 1033 ticks (1008 adults, 25 nymphs) belonging to the following species have been identified with different monthly and total prevalence and intensity: Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, Haemaphysalis parva, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes acuminatus, and Ixodes kaiseri. The results indicated that degradation and destruction of natural habitats under the influence of human effect seem likely to cause/facilitate/accelerate the entering some wild animal species, and therefore their ticks, to the urbanized environments via afforested woodlands and gardens in the periurbans, and dogs in such areas seem to play a supportive role in the maintenance of some tick species, including those with primarily sylvatic cycle, such as I. acuminatus and I. kaiseri.