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Öğe Preliminary Submicroscopy of A Vertebral Bone Fragment From A Bitinian Tomb of 2nd Century Bc in Bursa, Western Turkey(Tuba-Turkish Acad Sciences, 2011) Erdem, Duygu Boyraz; Baskaya, Hüseyin S.; Akşit, İhsan; Arocena, Joselito; Polat, Sait; Dingil, Mahmut; Kapur, SelimDespite the availability of large amount of information on human bones; little attention has been given to the environmental conditions of bone weathering and preservation. Secondary hydroxyapatite (carbonated hydroxyapatite for primary bone mineral) as the most well known but intriguing constituent of the bone was determined (SEM) in the pore spaces of a Bitinian (2nd century BC) mans vertebral bone fragment as aggregates together with probable amorphous compounds. Unweathered primary microcrystalline hydroxyapatites of the bone structure were also determined by EM indicating resistance to weathering. Organic bodies such as the True Slime Moulds of the Phylum Myxomycota were observed feeding on hydroxyapatite fragments, and secondary minute hydroxyapatite aggregates forming on unnamed elongated mycelia. All these features add up to manifest the alterations that primarily occur in post mortem soil-less environments of bones more independently and freely than in soil media, without being masked by the numerous processes the latter would shelter.Öğe The Anthroscape Approach in Sustainable Land Use(Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2011) Eswaran, H.; Berberoglu, S.; Cangir, Cemil; Erdem, Duygu Boyraz; Zucca, C.; Özevren, E.; Kapur, SelimThe final outcomes of the approach of the anthroscape, seeking to develop a powerful tool for use by the local communities/administrations and relevant bodies for a bottom to top approach, as a quantified entity, means to direct the future land and water use decisions to be taken at lower levels - as farm domains etc. - leading to the development of an Anthroscape Land Quality Class map and the relevant Ideal Land Use Patterns of the Seyhan Anthroscape. These two final products of quantification are sought to be capable in revealing the magnitude and the distribution of the degradation of the selected area, as well as allocating the ideal land use types given for the percentages of the distributions of land except their specific location. In this context, the downstream part of the map will show the abundant degradation arising via the intensive cultivation practices where the class stated in the map reveals the urgent need of an integrated SLWM Programme to revert the lower class C and D ALQCs to higher ALQCs to meet the requirements of the sustainable use of the land. Whereas, the higher ALQC land in the transition or upstream zone stands for higher resilience and lower input requirements to meet the ideal use of the land. The Net Primary Production (NPP) - The remainder of photosynthesis and respiration which has significance in the global and regional carbon budgets and is a function of the standing biomass (an important component of the carbon cycle and a key indicator of ecosystem performance) was utilized via land cover and management to serve as a supplementary indicator of the Anthroscape and the Anthroscape Land Quality.