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    Assessing Microstructural, Biomechanical, and Biocompatible Properties of TiNb Alloys for Potential Use as Load-Bearing Implants
    (Mdpi, 2024) Karakurt, Eyyup Murat; Huang, Yan; Cetin, Yuksel; Incesu, Alper; Demirtas, Huseyin; Kaya, Mehmet; Yildizhan, Yasemin
    Titanium-Niobium (TiNb) alloys are commonly employed in a number of implantable devices, yet concerns exist regarding their use in implantology owing to the biomechanical mismatch between the implant and the host tissue. Therefore, to balance the mechanical performance of the load-bearing implant with bone, TiNb alloys with differing porosities were fabricated by powder metallurgy combined with spacer material. Microstructures and phase constituents were characterized with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties were tested by uniaxial compression, and the corrosion performance was determined via a potentiodynamic polarization experiment. To evaluate a highly matched potential implant with the host, biocompatibilities such as cell viability and proliferation rate, fibronectin adsorption, plasmid-DNA interaction, and an SEM micrograph showing the cell morphology were examined in detail. The results showed that the alloys displayed open and closed pores with a uniform pore size and distribution, which allowed for cell adherence and other cellular activities. The alloys with low porosity displayed compressive strength between 618 MPa and 1295 MPa, while the alloys with high porosity showed significantly lower strength, ranging from 48 MPa to 331 MPa. The biological evaluation of the alloys demonstrated good cell attachment and proliferation rates.
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    Effect of Relative Density on Microstructure, Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Performance of Porous Ti–20Zr Alloys Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy
    (Institute for Ionics, 2024) Karakurt, Eyyup Murat; Huang, Yan; Kaya, Mehmet; Demirtas, Hüseyin; Acikgoz, Abuzer; Demircan, Gokhan
    The microstructure, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of a binary Ti–20Zr (at. %) alloy with differing porosities were investigated. The alloys were produced following a standard powder metallurgy with sintering at 1200 °C for 4, 6, and 8 h. A space holder agent was used to obtain two ranges of relative density, i.e., 74.8–89.3% and 54.6–66.7%. Metallographic examinations were conducted by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The confirmation of chemical composition was performed by energy dispersive spectrometry and elemental mapping analysis. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis was conducted to investigate microstructure morphology. Phase identifications were detected by X-ray diffraction. Uniaxial compressive tests were carried out and also potentiodynamic polarization was employed to understand the corrosion performances of the alloys. Experimental results showed that the pore size and pore connectivity were able to be controlled by the sintering time and a fixed amount of space holder agent. The phase constituents of the alloys were characterized as a mixture of predominant hcp ? phase and some distorted hcp ?? phase. As foreseen, the ultimate compressive strength and elastic modulus of the alloys increased with increasing relative density. Results of corrosion resistance revealed adding space holder reduced the polarization resistance of Ti–20Zr (at. %) sintered for 6 h from 15.4 to 14.09 ?. However, volume fraction of general porosity did not affect the microstructure of the alloys. In conclusion, the relative density of the alloys achieved in this study played a crucial role on the mechanical properties and corrosion properties. © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2023.