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Öğe Assessment of airborne heavy metal pollution in soil and lichen in the Meric-Ergene Basin, Turkey(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Hanedar, AsudeIn the present study, accumulations of airborne heavy metals in lichen and soil samples were determined on the basis of pollutant source groups by conducting Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), Cobalt (Co) and Manganese (Mn) analyses on a total of 48 samples collected in the periods of May 2014 and August 2014 from 12 sampling points in a heavily industrialized area, a mixed industrial and residential area, an agricultural area and a background area in the Meric-Ergene Basin, and pH and total organic carbon determination was carried out on soil samples. With the obtained data, heavy metal levels were statistically assessed in detail by being associated with each other and with their probable sources; the accumulations found in soil and lichen samples were compared and spatial variances were set forth. Based on the results, it was observed that heavy metal pollution is at high levels particularly in industrialized areas, and that the differences between the cleanest and most polluted levels determined from soil samples for As, Cr, Cd and Pb reach 10 folds. The highest levels of all heavy metals were determined in both the soil and lichen samples collected from the areas in the south-east part of the region, where industrial activities and particularly leather and chemical industries are concentrated. With the comparison of the indication properties of soil and lichen, it was determined that significant and comparable results can be observed in both matrices.Öğe Characterization and treatment alternatives of industrial container and drum cleaning wastewater: Comparison of Fenton-like process and combined coagulation/oxidation processes(Elsevier Science Bv, 2019) Güneş, Elçin; Demir, Emre; Güneş, Yalçın; Hanedar, AsudeIndustrial container and drum cleaning (ICDC) facilities generated complex wastewater which have organic/inorganic compounds, acids, alkalis, metals, dyes, asbestos, PCBs, chemical cleaning solutions or textile auxiliary chemicals. Treatment of such these wastewaters containing all these pollutants is also very difficult. It is required that the wastewater chemical oxygen demand (COD) is below 1500 mg/L to treat in a centralized wastewater treatment facility in Thrace Region, Turkey. In this study the characterization of ICDC industrial wastewater and treatment alternatives of this wastewater using Fenton-like (FL) process, acidic coagulation-flocculation + H2O2/UV-C (CF + H2O2/UV-C) and acidic coagulation-flocculation + S2O82- (CF + S2O82-) processes have been studied. The existing treatment system already has a biological treatment system after coagulation-flocculation system and couldn't be operated effectively in spite of all the efforts. We have studied processes that can be integrated into the coagulation-flocculation (CF) process used in the existing wastewater treatment plant. According to characterization study, COD values were in the range of 4584-18125 mg/L. The COD of the wastewater used in treatment experiments were 11,853 mg/L. According to the results FL and CF + S2O82- systems were suitable for the COD discharge standards specified for the centralized wastewater treatment plant. The optimum conditions of FL process were 0.8 g/L for FeCl3 and 45 g/L for H2O2 and COD was measured as about 1500 mg/L at these doses. The optimum conditions of CF + S2O82- system were determined as 0.64 g/L FeCl3 for CF and 15 g/L H2O2 doses. At these dosages the highest COD removal efficiency was achieved to 68% after 5 h. All methods used were suitable for the removal of COD, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus (TP) and of some metals. Considering the integration into the existing treatment system and applicability, it is concluded that the FL process is most favorable.Öğe Chemical Characterization of Natural Organic Matter and Determination of Disinfection By-Product Formation Potentials in Surface Waters of Istanbul (Omerli and Buyukcekmece Water Dam), Turkey(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2014) Avşar, Edip; Toroz, İsmail; Hanedar, Asude; Yılmaz, MerveAll surface and ground waters contain natural organic matter (NOM). NOM is a complex mixture of various organic molecules mainly originating from aquatic organisms, soil and terrestrial vegetation. When chlorine is applied to drinking water processes, it reacts with NOM and forms various types of chlorinated disinfection by-products (DBPs). These halogenated by-products are considered to be possible human carcinogens. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are the most widely known DBPs. Through the different reaction reactivity of the NOM components with disinfectants, the isolation and fractionation of NOM into more homogenous components is a better way to determine the DBP formation potential in the waters. Characterization of the NOM is also important for the selection of drinking water treatment processes because the US Drinking Water Regulations force water utilities to further increase DBP precursor removal by removing DOC to below 2 mg/L. In this study, using Omerli (OM) and Buyukcekmece (BC) surface water samples which were obtained over a 1-year period, the NOM content was isolated and chemically fractionated by means of XAD resins. In addition, each fraction was chlorinated separately and THMs and HAAs formation potential (THMFP and HAAFP) was investigated. The results indicated that both water chemical phases changed on a seasonal basis. This affects the DBPFP of waters. Hydrophobic (HPO) fraction was detected to be the highest percentage of the DOM in both OM and BC. But in terms of the DBPFP dominant phase, this changes seasonally. These results indicated that OM and BC surface waters include THM and HAA precursors and variations of these fractions are also effective for treatment process selection and attaining consistency in drinking water quality.Öğe Climate change adaptation exertions on the use of alternative water resources in Antalya, Turkiye(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Kılınç, Elif Ayyuce; Tanık, Ayşegül; Hanedar, Asude; Görgün, ErdemThis study presents the payback periods of applying rainwater harvesting (RWH) and/or graywater reuse (GWR) systems as alternative water resources in different building typologies, such as a hospital, shopping mall, and hotel. These buildings are under operation in the Antalya Province of Turkiye, which is a large city having the densest tourism activities. The significance of the work performed through the cost-benefit analyses for the selected case studies basically lies on the water savings while serving to four of the sustainable development goals, namely, clean water and sanitation, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, and climate action. These efforts may be considered valuable urban-based solutions toward climate change effects. Thorough surveys on the existing selected typologies are conducted regarding their water consumption and probable water savings via reuse activities. As-built plumbing projects and plans are also investigated during the accomplishment of the comprehensive design work leading to the calculation of the total investment and operation costs of the rainwater harvesting and graywater reuse practices. The up-to-date prices are used in monetary terms, and euro currency is used to make the results more meaningful by the interested parties. All the selected typologies undergo cost-benefit analysis for both of the alternative water reuse systems. The payback periods are calculated as 6, 2, and 9 years for RWH and as 5, 6, and 9 years for GWR for the hospital, shopping mall, and the hotel, respectively. The water savings for RWH varied between 20% and 50% whereas for GWR, the range was 48%-99%. Both of the systems are performed for the shopping mall simultaneously, and the resulting payback period is found to be 5 years, and water saving reached 72%. Recent information on the amortization periods in the literature states that less than a decade demonstrates achievable and highly acceptable applications. As such, the design attempts in this study also correlated with these findings. However, feasibility of these practices may be increased by encouraging the public on their utility and benefit of water savings. As is the case in many of the developed countries, incentives like tax reductions and even exemptions may be realized to achieve better applicability of these alternative technologies.Öğe Concentrations and sources of PAHs at three stations in Istanbul, Turkey(Elsevier Science Inc, 2011) Hanedar, Asude; Alp, Kadir; Kaynak, Burcak; Baek, Jaemeen; Avşar, Edip; Odman, M. TalatThe chemical mass balance model was applied to atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Istanbul, Turkey. A total of 326 airborne samples were collected and analyzed for 16 PAHs and Total Suspended Particles (TSP) in the September 2006 December 2007 period at three monitoring stations: Yildiz, DMO (urban sites) and Kilyos (rural site). The total average PAH concentrations were 100.66 +/- 61.26, 84.63 +/- 46.66 and 25.12 +/- 13.34 ng m(-3) and the TSP concentrations were 101.16 +/- 53.22, 152.31 +/- 99.12, 49.84 +/- 18.58 mu g m(-3) for Yildiz. DMO and Kilyos stations respectively. At all the sites, the lighter compounds were the most abundant, notably Nap, AcPy and PA. The average correlation values between TSP and total heavier PAH were greater than 0.5 for Yildiz and DMO stations. The patterns of PAH and TSP concentrations showed spatial and temporal variations. PAH concentrations were evaluated for the PAH contribution from four sources (diesel engines, gasoline engines, natural gas combustion, and coal + wood burning). Vehicle emissions appear to be the major source with contributions of 61.2%, 63.3% and 54.1% for Yildiz. DMO and Kilyos stations respectively. Seasonal and yearly variations had different trends for all sites. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil, atmospheric deposition and biomonitor samples in the Meric-Ergene River Basin, Turkey(Springer, 2020) Hanedar, Asude; Güneş, Elçin; Kaykıoğlu, Gül; Çelik, Suna Özden; Cabi, EvrenIn this study, the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in various components in the Meric-Ergene River Basin which is one of Turkey's intensive industrialization centers and which accordingly has faced significant environmental pollution and has about 1300 industrial plants within its boundaries. In the river basin, 16 USEPA PAHs were measured in a total of 192 samples consisting of soil, lichen, pine needle and total deposition samples for 1 year to represent the four seasons at a total of 12 points in 4 different regions which were determined as intensive industrial area, industrial + residential area, agricultural area and background. According to the results obtained, the total PAH values, in all sampling points, varied between 69.6 and 1277.7 ng/g (dry wt) for soil, lichen and pine needle samples and between 0 and 937.8 ng/m(2)-day for the total deposition samples. The highest values were determined in the fall season for the lichen samples and industrial area. The data obtained were evaluated in terms of spatial and seasonal variations, and according to their molecular weights. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) of exposing to soil PAHs were calculated, and maximum ILCR values were observed in industrial areas for child and adults. The diagnostic ratios were performed for determining the source, and the comparison of bioindication features was made for lichen and pine needle samples by comparing with Koa and Kow values of PAHs.Öğe Determination of the Efficiency of Waste Gas Washing Equipments Used in Jewelery Workshop(2018) Avşar, Edip; Hanedar, Asude; Alp, Kadir; Toröz, İsmailDuring the processes where acid and cyanide are used in jewelery workshops, waste gasesoriginates that hazardous in terms of human and environmental health and material. It is necessary tocontrol these originated gas flows with suitable methods and equipment in the workshop and convertthem to non-hazardous forms. For this purpose, waste gas washing equipment which can be used byvarious producers in jewelery workshops are produced. In this study, waste gas stream hazardousemissions removal efficiency of a system produced for this purpose was examined and the measures to betaken for the continuous efficiency were mentioned. According to results; it has been determined that thenitric acid emissions and the sulfuric acid emissions originated from the iron / copper solvation processare reduced by 94.5% and 88.3%, respectively, by means of waste gas washing system. It has beendetermined that cyanide emissions are reduced by 98.7% by washing the waste gases from the bombingprocess by means of washing system. According to results, treated toxic gaseous emission concentrationswere below the limit.values of Turkish Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation (TIAPCR) and Netherlands EmissionGuidelines for Air (NER).Öğe Determination of transport processes of nocturnal ozone in Istanbul atmosphere(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2009) Alp, Kadir; Hanedar, AsudeOzone, usually having a minimum value at night, often increase its concentration level which is known as nocturnal ozone. in this study, the magnitude, frequency and timing of nocturnal ozone maxima were determined between May and September for four years (2001-2004) for stations in the Asian and European sides of Istanbul, Turkey. The magnitude and frequency of late and early peaks for peak ozone nights were monitored. A total of 40 days, having secondary ozone maxima due to horizontal transport processes, have been selected, and HYSPLIT model with back trajectory analysis was conducted at different ground levels.Öğe Effect of the Marmaray Project on Air Pollution in Istanbul: An Ive Model Application(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2011) Saatçıoğlu, Tuğba; Alp, Kadir; Hanedar, Asude; Avşar, EdipThis study evaluates how air pollution in Istanbul for the years 2015 and 2030 will be impacted upon by decreasing automobile usage through the Marmaray Project, which is a new transport system to pass through Europe to the Asian continent. To investigate the effect of the project, the existing transportation situation in Istanbul was determined, and then an emission calculation was performed for the city regarding the cases of with and without the.. Marmaray Project for 2015 and 2030. The emission factors and calculations were performed for three types of pollutants, criteria pollutants (CO, VOC, VOC-evaporated, NOX, SOX, PM), toxic pollutants (1,3-butadiene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, NH3, benzene) and greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O), by applying the International Vehicle Emission modeling technique. The obtained results were evaluated according to pollutant types, road type and driving modes. According to the modeling results, the rate of decrease in emissions will be 12.4% in 2015 and 11.6% in 2030, for all types of pollutants. Because of the increasing usage of gasoline engines, criteria pollutants will be higher, especially in the start mode. The most important factor for toxic pollutants was fuel type, and the decreasing emissions of toxic pollutants will be created by decreasing automobile usage. The development of vehicle technology will cause a decrease in the emissions of greenhouse gases. When the existing situation was compared with 2015 and 2030, it was clearly seen that the emission rate of the without the Marmaray Project situation had a much faster increase than that of with the Marmaray Project.Öğe Evolving a Methodology for Assessing Pesticide Pressure on Water Bodies under Data Scarce Conditions: A Case Study on the Marmara Basin in Türkiye(Mdpi, 2024) Hanedar, Asude; Girgin, Emine; Karaaslan, Yakup; Tanik, AysegulIn this study, current pesticide use was determined on the basis of active substances (ASs) in each water body in the Marmara Basin, which is the most crowded region of Turkiye and where agriculture is intensive. The risks of detected pesticide ASs were then categorized in terms of usage amount, water body monitoring results, and hazardous characteristics. At the same time, a system was proposed for determining pesticide use on an AS basis, based on the product planted in districts that do not have detailed information on AS use. Finally, a methodology for assessing pesticide pressure on water bodies was developed by utilizing pesticide risk based on the determined AS types under data scarcity conditions. The topic undertaken is current and extremely important in the era of food safety, and is related to growing pressure on water, on one hand, and human health and quality of food products, on the other. Data based on ASs are hard to record and store, particularly in developing countries; therefore, a data inventory was initially realized in the study as an essential step towards an assessment procedure. The easy-to-use pesticide pressure determination methodology was developed and applied to the Marmara Basin of Turkiye, ensuring compliance with the Water framework Directive (WFD) and EU Green Deal. Constraints experienced during the application of the developed methodology are put forth with the intention of providing utilizable information to those international scientists who will be interested in practicing it in the future. Therefore, transposition of the methodology to other basins in different countries will be possible. According to 2021 data, 0.04-8.83 kg/ha pesticide and 173 pesticide active substances were used in the basin. ASs were prioritized over four criteria based on the amount of use, hazardous properties, and monitoring results. Consequently, 52 active substances were determined and included in the risk group. Taking these criteria into consideration, all the 276 agricultural water bodies in the basin were revealed to be under pesticide pressure.Öğe Hayvan Yetiştiriciliğinden Kaynaklanan Kokulu Gazların Arıtımında Biyofiltrelerin Etkinliklerinin İncelenmesi(2018) Avşar, Edip; Uyar, Özgür; Alp, Kadir; Hanedar, AsudeÇalışmada hayvan çiftliklerinden kaynaklanan ve amonyak içeren kokulu atık gazların biyofiltrelerlearıtılması araştırılmıştır. Biyofiltreler, düşük enerji gereksinimleri ve ilk kurulum maliyetinin düşüklüğünedeniyle koku kontrolünde tercih edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, çalışmada hayvan barınaklarının aralıklıhavalandırma uygulamasının simüle edilmesi için kesikli düzenle kurulan laboratuvar ölçekli reaktörlerkullanılmıştır. Seri bağlı iki adet reaktöre kirletici olarak, konsantre amonyum hidroksit çözeltisinden havageçirmek suretiyle ile sıyrılarak elde edilen amonyak/hava karışımları beslenmiştir. Filtrelerde dolgumaddesi olarak evsel katı atıktan üretilmiş kompost ve odun talaşı karışımı kullanılmıştır. Farklı yüklemeoranlarına karşılık amonyağın biyofiltrelerde aerobik-biyolojik olarak oksidasyon verimi ve bu verimietkileyen faktörler incelenmiştir. Aklimasyon dönemi dahil 130 günlük süre içinde 1,32-27 g NH3/m3.saataralığında 8 farklı değerde yükleme yapılmış, ortalama amonyak giderim verimi % 97,2±1,8 olarakbulunmuştur.Öğe Improvement of the Environmental Permit and License Application Process in Turkey(2021) Hanedar, Asude; Tanık, Ayşegül; Güneş, Yalçın; Güneş, Elçin; Kaykıoğlu, Gül; Görgün, Erdem; Birpınar, Mehmet EminImprovement on the environmental permit application that has been put into force since 2014 by the By Law on Environmental Permit and License (BLEPL) in Turkey has been achieved through a project realized by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization to meet the developing and changing technology, and industry needs. The main outputs derived from this project will be briefly outlined and discussed in this study. Initially, the facility inventory lists were created on provincial basis across the country. The related institutions were then contacted, and the provincial and sectoral information of the enterprises that could be within the scope of BLEPL was obtained. On the country basis, 548.323 facilities were evaluated in which 142.477 facilities were classified as permitted, out of scope, in scope and not permitted. According to the data obtained by compiling the facility inventories within the scope of BLEPL constituted only 15% of the existing facilities that were included in the scope of the permit. Annex-1 and Annex-2 of BLEPL were also revised. Moreover, each of the items in the annex lists were evaluated separately and the necessary scope/limit/threshold value/terminology revisions were made. By the amendments made in the annex lists; the number of items decreased to 245 from 272, 24 new items were added and 21 items were removed. Within the study, sectoral guidelines were prepared for each additional item to ensure integrity in permit-license applications throughout the country, and to conduct a scoping study based on accurate, practical and specific standards. Other work packages completed can be addressed as the support, credit and incentive processes carried out by institutions and organizations to increase the efficiency of the documents organized in the implementation of the regulation, studies for searching the documents in question in public tenders, and making suggestions to improve the processes and procedures that the facilities are subject to.Öğe IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING SYSTEM IN TuRKIYE: LESSONS-LEARNT FROM MUCILAGE EVENT IN THE SEA OF MARMARA(Gh Asachi Technical Univ Iasi, 2023) Hanedar, Asude; Gunes, Yalcin; Avsar, Edip; Tanik, Aysegul; Musaoglu, Nebiye; Pasaoglu, Mehmet Emin; Gorgun, ErdemFacing and experiencing the recent mucilage event in the Sea of Marmara-Turkiye in 2021 urged the local and state officers together with the related authorities to strengthen and improve the existing environmental auditing system. It is well-known that high pollution loads discharged to the receiving sea environment through land-based sources of point and diffuse loads accelerated the formation of mucilage in line with the warming of the sea surface as a consequence of climate change. In this regard changes, revisions, and particularly sector-specific activities were funded through a project established by the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change (MoEU) and carried out by a group of academics and MoEU technical specialists. As such, the auding system has been thoroughly improved to prevent further deterioration of the Sea of Marmara surrounded by 7 metropolitan provinces of the country. This study is on the lessons-learnt during the renewal attempts of the auditing system with the aim of benefiting from the recent applications of the other developing and/or regional countries suffering from coastal pollution.Öğe Investigation of the chlorine dioxide disinfection in terms of disinfection by product (DBP) formation of Omerli raw water in Istanbul(Pamukkale Univ, 2017) Avşar, Edip; Karadağ, Seval Gaye; Toroz, İsmail; Hanedar, AsudeChlorine which is nowadays the most commonly used disinfectant, interacts aquatic organic matter and causes formation of harmful disinfection by products. For this reason, number of researches on chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant alternative to chlorine, increased in recent years. After disinfection via the chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate which defines as inorganic by products are formed. Chlorite total maximum concentration in water is limited as 1 mg/L as by USEPA. WHO limits total maximum chlorite concentration as 0.7 mg/L in water. There is no detailed study has been conducted for determination of the limit value yet in our country. In this study; after 0.25; 0.50; 0.75; 1; 1.25 and 1.5 mg/L chlorine dioxide had been dosed to Omerli raw water samples taken in December, and February; disinfection by products: chlorite, chlorate, THMs, HAAs and water quality parameters such as TOC, chloride, floride, bromide, sulphate and nitrate were analyzed and effect of the pH and contact time also investigated.Öğe Investigation of the Usability of Automotive Industry Chemical Wastewater Treatment Sludge as An Additive to Brick Raw Material in Terms of Firing Process Stack Gas Emissions(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Avşar, Edip; Toroz, İsmail; Hanedar, Asude; Uslu, ErdemThe gradual decrease in the capacity of landfill sites necessitates the use of alternative disposal methods instead of the storage for disposal of industrial treatment sludges, which are not classified as hazardous and non-combustible wastes. The use of these wastes in other industrial areas as a raw material or raw material additive is an important research area, at the present time. By this usage, disposal cost reduction and landfill usage period increments will be provided. In this study, firing process stack emissions are investigated when using automotive industry treatment sludge as an additive to brick raw material. Chemical treatment sludge, which is categorized as non-hazardous. according to the General Fundamentals Relating to Waste Management Regulation (GFRWMR) Appendix-3-B, does not adversely affect the product quality, with additive rates of 5% and 10 to raw material, according to experimental studies on field-scale experimental brick production. During the firing process, stack gas emissions were sampled and measured according to the Industry Originated Air Pollution Control Regulation (IOAPCR), and the Hazardous Waste Control Regulation (HWCR). According to the measurement results, chemical treatment sludge as an additive to the raw material was determined as a useful recycling option; however, it should be monitored according to variable process conditions.Öğe Investigation of the usability of automotive industry chemical wastewater treatment sludge as an additive to brick raw material in terms of firing process stack gas emissions(2013) Avşar, Edip; Toroz, İsmail; Hanedar, Asude; Uslu, E.The gradual decrease in the capacity of landfill sites necessitates the use of alternative disposal methods instead of the storage for disposal of industrial treatment sludges, which are not classified as hazardous and non-combustible wastes. The use of these wastes in other industrial areas as a raw material or raw material additive is an important research area, at the present time. By this usage, disposal cost reduction and landfill usage period increments will be provided. In this study, firing process stack emissions are investigated when using automotive industry treatment sludge as an additive to brick raw material. Chemical treatment sludge, which is categorized as non-hazardous according to the General Fundamentals Relating to Waste Management Regulation (GFRWMR) Appendix-3-B, does not adversely affect the product quality, with additive rates of 5% and 10 to raw material, according to experimental studies on field-scale experimental brick production. During the firing process, stack gas emissions were sampled and measured according to the Industry Originated Air Pollution Control Regulation (IOAPCR), and the Hazardous Waste Control Regulation (HWCR). According to the measurement results, chemical treatment sludge as an additive to the raw material was determined as a useful recycling option; however, it should be monitored according to variable process conditions.Öğe İstanbul Ömerli ham suyunda dezenfeksiyon amaçlı klor dioksit kullanımının dezenfeksiyon yan ürün (DYÜ)oluşumuna etkisinin araştırılması(2017) Avşar, Edip; Karadağ, Seval Gaye; Toröz, İsmail; Hanedar, AsudeGünümüzde içme ve kullanma sularının dezenfeksiyonunda yaygın olarak kullanılan klor, sudaki organik maddelerle etkileşerek insan sağlığı açısından istenmeyen dezenfeksiyon yan ürünlerini oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle son yıllarda klora alternatif olarak, klor dioksitin araştırmaların arttığı görülmektedir. Suyun klor dioksitle dezenfeksiyonu sonrasında suda klorit ve klorat inorganik yan ürünleri oluşmaktadır. Klorit'in toplam maksimum konsantrasyonu Amerika Çevre Ajansı (USEPA) tarafından 1 mg/L, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından ise sınır değeri 0.7 mg/L olarak verilmiştir. Ülkemizde ise klor dioksit kaynaklı yan ürünler için henüz bir sınır değer bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Aralık ve Şubat aylarında olmak üzere Ömerli ham suyundan numune alınmıştır. Numunelere sırasıyla, 0.25;0.50;0.75;1;1.25 ve 1.5 mg/L klor dioksit dozlanmıştır. Dozlamayı takiben; dezenfeksiyon yan ürünleri olan klorit, klorat, THM'ler, HAA'lar ve su kalite parametreleri olarak da toplam organik karbon (TOK), klorür, florür, bromür, sülfat ve nitrat parametreleri ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca dezenfeksiyon yan ürün oluşumunda pH ile temas süresinin etkisi incelenmiştirÖğe Partitioning of heavy metals in the ISTAC medical waste incinerator(Global Network Environmental Science & Technology, 2013) Öztürk, Halil İbrahim; Alp, Kadir; Hanedar, Asude; Avşar, Edip; Malak, UfukThis study investigates the partition of heavy metals in slag from the rotary kiln (SL), second combustion chamber ashes (SCCA), filter cake (FC) from a bag filter and flue gas (FG) emissions (both in particulate and gas phases) of the Istanbul medical waste incinerator (ISTAC). Eleven targeted heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb and TO in four matrices were analysed for eight different date samples in 2008. The results obtained were evaluated according to the metal species, furnace temperatures and other factors that affect the formation and accumulation of the metals in the incineration cycle. According to the results, combustion temperatures, reactor configuration and waste contents are the dominant parameters determining the volatility and partitioning of metals in the combustion systems. The biggest waste portions were obtained for the SL and the dominant metal species for the SL and SCCA were Cu (505,9 +/- 99,3 and 697,4 +/- 577,7 mg per kg dry mass for SL and SCCA respectively) and Mn (238,0 +/- 154,6 and 199,9 +/- 180,4 mg per kg dry mass for SL and SCCA respectively). In the FC, the dominant species was Cu (166,8 +/- 128,1 mg per kg dry mass) and this was followed by Mn, Ni and Hg. It is thought that cement and activated lignite, which were added to the process as adsorbent materials, were affecting the contents of the FC. Metals were divided into particulate and gas phases and maximum concentrations were observed for Ni, Mn and Cr in a particulate phase of FG. Emission factors were considered and mass balance calculations for metals were also conducted in the study.Öğe Physical Characterisation of Natural Organic Matter and Determination of Disinfection By-Product Formation Potentials in Istanbul Surface Waters(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Avşar, Edip; Toroz, İsmail; Hanedar, AsudeNatural organic matter (NOM) is a complex mixture of various organic molecules mainly originating from aquatic organisms, soil and terrestrial vegetation which enters surface and ground waters. Through the different reaction reactivity of the NOM components with disinfectants, isolation and fractionation of NOM into more homogenous components is the better way of determining the DBP formation potential of the waters. Within the aim and scope of this paper, raw water samples were taken from Buyuk-cekmece (BC) and Omerli (OM) surface water sources which supply drinking water to Istanbul, in eight different months between February 2010 and February 2011. At first water quality parameters were analysed. Then, the physical structure of the waters' dissolved organic matter (DOM) content, seasonal variations of this structure, reactivity of DOM by means of DBP production and the effects of the seasonal variations on this reactivity were investigated. In terms of specific reactivity of the OM and BC physical fractions, <1kDa fraction was determined as the most reactive fraction for STHMFP and SHAAFP per mg DOM. >5kDa fraction was also determined as the most reactive part of the DOM in terms of SAOXFP for both waters. Both of the waters SUVA values were increased due to the increase of DOM molecular weight but there was no similar trend in the formation of by-products. The main reason for this situation is the lower SUVA and DOM values of the waters investigated. In this context, it can be said that OM and BC waters have special characteristics.Öğe Presence and distributions of POPS in soil, atmospheric deposition, and bioindicator samples in an industrial-agricultural area in Turkey(Springer, 2019) Hanedar, Asude; Güneş, Elçin; Kaykıoğlu, Gül; Çelik, Suna Özden; Cabi, EvrenIn this study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were detected in the soil, lichen pine needle, and total deposition samples in the Meric-Ergene Basin, which is one of the most important regions in terms of industrial and agricultural activities in Turkey. POP concentrations were measured in 192 samples selected to represent four seasons over a 1-year period across four different regions: an intensive industrial area, an industrial + residential area, an agricultural area, and a background area. Total PAH concentrations are found in the range of 69.6-887.6ng/g, 74.6-1277.7ng/g, 113.4-588.9ng/g, and 0.00-937.8ng/m(2)-day; total PCB concentrations are 9.98-62.9ng/g, 6.8-68.1ng/g, 11.3-32.7ng/g, and 0.00-144.4ng/m(2)-day; total OCPs concentrations are 5.9-83.2ng/g, 7.3-85.6ng/g, 9.9-97.1ng/g, and 0.00-137.6ng/m(2)-day respectively for soil, lichen, pine needles, and bulk samples. The data were evaluated according to pollutant groups and spatial and temporal changes. The highest PAH and PCB values were detected in lichen samples from industrial areas. The highest OCP values were detected for total deposition and soil samples and in the agricultural area. The results showed that two- to three-ring PAHs, hepta-PCBs, and cyclodienes were the most widespread pollutant groups. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the accumulation and indication properties of the matrices in the study for 0.05 significance level. The pollutant group in which matrices are most similar is PAHs. Total deposition samples showed the most different pattern in terms of indications, especially for PCBs. For OCP results, the concentration values obtained in soil samples were different from all other matrices. It was determined that the indication properties of the matrices identified as pollutant indicators differ markedly from the pollutant type, and this difference is at the lowest level for PAH pollutants.
