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    A comprehensive analysis of the effects of DGAT1 K232A polymorphism on milk production and fertility traits in Holstein Friesian and Jersey cows reared in Turkiye
    (Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2024) Ardicli, Sena; Cobanoglu, Ozden; Kul, Ertugrul; Abaci, Samet Hasan; Gurcan, Eser Kemal; Cankaya, Soner
    Research on the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) K232A marker in cattle shows inconsistent results across regions, largely due to small sample sizes, limited genetic variation, and data restricted to few lactations, which complicates establishing a reliable genotype-phenotype correlation. This research aimed to determine the effect of the K232A polymorphism of the bovine DGAT1 gene on milk production and quality traits in dairy cattle. We used 1104 cattle, including 828 Holstein Friesian and 276 Jersey cows. The analysis utilized extensive data from six lactations of cows raised on four commercial dairy farms. We genotyped the population using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique and Sanger sequencing for verification. We then evaluated the 305 d and test-day milk yields as well as fat and protein yields and percentages. The number of inseminations per conception and calving ease were also assessed as reproduction indices. Genotype-phenotype associations were quantified using linear mixed models. The AA genotype was absent in Jersey cows, and the heterozygous genotype was predominant in both breeds. The K232A marker was significantly associated with test-day milk yield, fat, and protein content in Jersey cows. Further, it substantially affected the fat percentage of milk in Holstein Friesian cows (p<0.001). We found that the KK genotype is highly desirable for milk quality and especially fat content. This comprehensive assessment demonstrated that the KK genotype of the DGAT1 K232A polymorphism significantly influenced fat and protein contents in dairy cattle.
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    Determination of some environmental factors on milk yield traits and milk components in Simmental cows
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2024) Sahin, Onur; Soysal, Mehmet Ihsan; Gurcan, Eser Kemal
    The aim of the study was to determine the effects of various environmental factors on milk yield and milk components in Simmental cows. In the present study, 33,813 milk yield records from 1631 cows and milk samples from 233 cows were used for milk component analysis. Lactation milk yield (LMY) and 305 -day yield (305-DMY) were the milk yield characteristics studied. Environmental factors considered for milk yield characteristics included province, calving year, calving month, parity, age, and lactation length. Milk components analyzed were fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), lactose percentage (LP), somatic cell count (Log(10)SCC), and dry matter (DM). Environmental factors considered for milk components were province, birth year, control month, calving month, and parity. The results indicated that all environmental factors significantly influenced milk yield characteristics (p < 0.01). Specifically, province and birth year significantly affected FP and Log(10)SCC (p < 0.01), whereas calving month, control month, and parity did not significantly affect FP. Province, birth year, and control month significantly influenced PP and DM (p < 0.01), while calving month and parity did not significantly affect PP. Province was the only significant factor for LP (p < 0.01). Considering all data, the averages of traits were as follows: LMY (5628.1 +/- 12.80 kg), 305-DMY (5309.2 +/- 11.80 kg), total dry matter yield (TDMY) (22.58 +/- 0.51 kg), DM (12.43 +/- 0.08%), Log10SCC (2.29 +/- 0.04, equivalent to 226239 cells/mL), FP (3.78 +/- 0.06%), PP (3.57 +/- 0.02%), and LP (4.72 +/- 0.01%).
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    Türkiye's indigenous genetic resource: Muradiye Kelebek pigeon
    (Ankara Univ, 2024) Erdem, Evren; Ozbaser, Fatma Tulin; Gurcan, Eser Kemal; Soysal, Mehmet Ihsan
    The current study was carried out to determine the morphological characteristics of the Muradiye kelebek pigeon, which has been reared for many years by breeders in the Muradiye region. The ages of pigeons were classified into two groups: 12-24 months (age group I) and 25-36 months (age group II). The male pigeons had a significantly higher trunk length (P<0.001), head width (P<0.05), beak length (P<0.001), beak depth (P<0.05), thoracic perimeter (P<0.001), and tarsus diameter (P<0.001) compared to the female pigeons. The body weight (P<0.001), chest width (P<0.05), and thoracic perimeter (P<0.01) values of age group II were higher than those of age group I. It was determined that most of the pigeons were grayish blue-eyed (69.90%) and non-crested (76.72%). It was determined that the head structure of the Muradiye kelebek pigeon was similar to the Edremit kelebek, Muradiye donek, Bursa oynari, Thrace roller, and Alabadem pigeon genotypes. The spotted plumage color of the Muradiye butterfly pigeon and the other three genotypes (jackal plumage in the Thrace roller, speckled plumage in the Edremit kelebek pigeon, and red/black galaca in the Muradiye donek pigeon) may be a common trait. Since these genotypes share some phenotypic characteristics, the phylogenetic relationships between the Muradiye butterfly pigeon and the other five pigeon genotypes (Edremit kelebek, Muradiye donek, Alabadem, Bursa oynari, and Thrace roller) should be determined by molecular studies.