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    Adsorption of Methylene Blue using Bottom Ash: Experimental Design, Isotherm Analysis, and Optimum Conditions
    (Global Network Environmental Science & Technology, 2024) Cifci, Deniz Izlen; Cihan, Mehmet Timur; Gunes, Elcin; Ozturk, Tuba; Gunes, Yalcin
    This study investigated the removal of methylene blue (MB) via adsorption using waste bottom ash. The bottom ash, sourced from a waste storage site in the & Ccedil;orlu district of Tekirda & gbreve; province, Thrace Region, was utilized as the adsorbent. The research examined the impact of several variables on MB removal, including bottom ash dosage, pH, contact time, and agitation speed. It was found that all parameters had a single-variable effect, while pH exhibited a quadratic effect on MB removal in a model- based analysis. The optimization of the model for maximum MB removal identified the optimal conditions as 0.978 g bottom ash dosage, pH 3, 15 minutes of adsorption time, and 50 rpm agitation speed. Under these conditions, the model predicted an MB removal efficiency of 71%, which was experimentally confirmed to be 72.5%. The adsorption process was found to fit with the Freundlich isotherm, indicating a multilayer adsorption mechanism on the heterogeneous surface of the adsorbent. This research not only highlights the feasibility of using bottom ash from coal combustion as an economical adsorbent for dye-contaminated wastewater but also underscores its potential to inform and inspire future studies on waste recycling and wastewater treatment.
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    Effect of chromophore type on efficiency of reactive dye removal using polyamidoamine dendrimer
    (Wiley, 2024) Atav, Riza; Akkus, Eray; Cifci, Deniz Izlen; Ergunay, Ugur; Gunes, Yalcin; Gunes, Elcin
    In this study, by selecting a sample of dyes from a wide variety of chromophores used in the production of reactive dyes (monoazo, bisazo, metal azo, phthalocyanine, anthraquinone, copper formazan and triphendioxazine), the colour removal performance of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer in reactive dyes was statistically evaluated depending on the dye chromophore groups (and accordingly molecular weight and number of sulfo groups of the dye), dendrimer concentration and centrifugation time. When all the results were examined, it was observed that the colour removal efficiency was significantly lower in metalazo and copper formazan-based reactive dyes, whereas colour removals ranging from 93% to 98% could be obtained in bisazo, triphendioxazine, monoazo, anthraquinone and phthalocyanine dyes. With the use of dendrimer, the best colour removal efficiencies occurred at pH 3. However, it was found that the centrifugation time of 15 min is sufficient for all dyes, and a longer centrifugation does not provide any additional benefit in terms of colour removal.
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    Process characterization and pretreatment of container and drum cleaning industry wastewater using a heat-activated persulfate oxidation process
    (Wiley, 2023) Gunes, Elcin; Cifci, Deniz Izlen; Celik, Suna Ozden
    The aim of this study was to treat wastewater from washing, cutting or crushing of intermediate bulk containers (IBCs), steel drums and plastic drums, using the sulfate radical-based oxidation method. In this study, it was planned to make the wastewater suitable for activated sludge treatment by applying neutralization after a sulfate radical-based oxidation process. Samples were taken from the industry three times to study these treatment processes. To determine the optimum conditions in the study, chemical oxygen demand (COD), removal efficiency was calculated, and optimum temperature, optimum time, and optimum persulfate dose were determined. Since the washing is done with hot water in the industry, the thermal activation method was used for the activation of persulfate. In the results of the study, COD removal efficiency, and total organic carbon (TOC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and potentially toxic metal(s) removal efficiency was measured in three wastewater samples. According to the results of the study, the temperature at which the best COD removal efficiency was observed was 70 degrees C, the COD/S2O82- ratio was 1:2, and the contact time was 5 h. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that such wastewater can be given to the activated sludge after sulfate radical-based oxidation and neutralization in the same existing reactor instead of the existing FeCl3 process.
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    Sequential use of coagulation and adsorption methods for COD removal from soft drink industry wastewater
    (Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Inst Environ Eng Pas, 2024) Sever, Ece; Ozturk, Tuba; Gunes, Elcin
    In this study, the effectiveness of sequentially applying coagulation and adsorption processes in treating soft drink industry wastewater was assessed based on COD removal. In the electrocoagulation method with iron electrodes, the highest COD removal occurred at 42%, achieved with a current of 9A and the natural pH of the wastewater at 5.51. In chemical coagulation, using FeCl3 center dot 6H(2)O as a coagulant, the highest removal rate of 23% was achieved at pH 5 with a coagulant dose of 2.5g/L. Activated carbon adsorption, in doses ranging from 10 to 40g/L, was applied to the effluents of both electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation at various contact times, up to 150 minutes, resulting in COD removal rates of 42% and 36%, respectively. According to the results, the COD removal efficiencies for the electrocoagulation-adsorption and chemical coagulation-adsorption systems were 66% and 51%, respectively. The findings of this study are important because they demonstrate the necessity of research on the use and development of physicochemical methods for the treatment of soft drink industry wastewater.