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Öğe Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on the quality and in vitro gas production of einkorn wheat straw(South African Bureau for Scientific Publications, 2020) Ayasan, Tugay; Cabi, Evren; Esen, S.; Esen, Vasfiye Kader; Eseceli, H.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation on the quality of einkorn wheat straw (EWS) and in vitro gas production (GP). It was found that AM inoculation of EW seed before sowing caused significant increases in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) levels of straw, and a (P <0.05) decrease in crude ash (CA), metabolizable energy (ME), and organic matter digestibility (OMD) compared with the straw of non-inoculated EW. The observed difference in the average GP among the between EWS from plants grown from inoculated seed and those from the untreated control was significant at all times between the third and 96th hour. However, when the GP kinetics of the groups was examined after 96 hours' incubation, only the difference in the gas amount of the easily soluble fractions of feeds was significant. The GP from the slowly fermented part, the GP rate constant and the potential GP of the straws were not affected by the AM inoculation (P >0.05). Thus, inoculation of einkorn wheat with AM altered the nutritional value of the straw produced creating a roughage with decreased value for feeding ruminant livestock. © 2020, South African Bureau for Scientific Publications.Öğe Genotypic characterization of meat-type lambs expressing the callipyge gene in Turkey: Carcass characteristics and retail yield(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2022) Esen, Vasfiye Kader; Esen, Selim; Karadağ, Orhan; Önenç, Alper; Elmacı, CengizThis study is set out to evaluate the effects of callipyge (CLPG) gene, attributed to sheep affecting growth and meat quality, on carcass and sensory trait of most preferred meat-type lamb (Kivircik, Karacabey Merino, Ramlic, German Black-Head Mutton x Kivircik, Hampshire Down x Merino) in the western part of Turkey. Two datasets were used: (i) 177 lambs (66 males, 111 females) to determine genotype and allele frequencies; (ii) 48 genotypically identified male lambs for the assessment of carcass and meat sensory quality. It was found that homozygous (NN) and heterozygous (MN) conditions of the CLPG gene were observed in all sheep breeds, except Ramlic which exhibits only NN. No significant differences were observed in CLPG genotypes for slaughter weight, cold carcass weight, and cold dressing percentage (p 0.01), and lambs expressing CLPG genotype (MN) had a higher neck percentage. Not significantly, but numerically the MN genotype had a higher percentage of the shoulder, rack, and leg than the NN genotype, while the NN genotype had a higher percentage of loin (p 0.05). Similarly, the effect of genotype on meat quality assessment was not significant (p > 0.05); however, shear force, water holding capacity, and cooking loss of the NN genotype were higher than the MN genotype. Indeed, no interaction between genotype and time was observed on the color parameter of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle at various storage periods (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that all meat-type sheep breeds (except Ramlic) were polymorphic, suggesting that heterozygous individuals who received the CLPG mutation from the sire should be adopted in selection programs to improve carcass traits.Öğe Genotypic characterization of meat-type lambs expressing the callipyge gene in Turkey: I. Carcass characteristics and retail yield(TUBITAK, 2022) Esen, Vasfiye Kader; Esen, S.; Karadağ, Ömer; Önenç, Alper; Elmacı, C.This study is set out to evaluate the effects of callipyge (CLPG) gene, attributed to sheep affecting growth and meat quality, on carcass and sensory trait of most preferred meat-type lamb (Kivircik, Karacabey Merino, Ramliç, German Black-Head Mutton × Kivircik, Hampshire Down × Merino) in the western part of Turkey. Two datasets were used: (i) 177 lambs (66 males, 111 females) to determine genotype and allele frequencies; (ii) 48 genotypically identified male lambs for the assessment of carcass and meat sensory quality. It was found that homozygous (NN) and heterozygous (MN) conditions of the CLPG gene were observed in all sheep breeds, except Ramliç which exhibits only NN. No significant differences were observed in CLPG genotypes for slaughter weight, cold carcass weight, and cold dressing percentage (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the effect of genotype on neck percentage was significant (p < 0.01), and lambs expressing CLPG genotype (MN) had a higher neck percentage. Not significantly, but numerically the MN genotype had a higher percentage of the shoulder, rack, and leg than the NN genotype, while the NN genotype had a higher percentage of loin (p > 0.05). Similarly, the effect of genotype on meat quality assessment was not significant (p > 0.05); however, shear force, water holding capacity, and cooking loss of the NN genotype were higher than the MN genotype. Indeed, no interaction between genotype and time was observed on the color parameter of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle at various storage periods (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that all meat-type sheep breeds (except Ramliç) were polymorphic, suggesting that heterozygous individuals who received the CLPG mutation from the sire should be adopted in selection programs to improve carcass traits. © 2022 TUBITAK. All rights reserved.Öğe Nutrient and Mineral Contents, and in vitro Digestibility of Kermes Oak (Quercus coccifera L.) and Mock Privet (Phillyrea latifolia L.)(Adem Yavuz Sonmez, 2020) Eseceli, Hüseyin; Ayasan, Tugay; Koç, Fisun; Esen, Vasfiye Kader; Esen, SelimThis study was conducted to exhibit the importance of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) and mock privet (Phillyrea latifolia L.) in the grazing system and animal feeding. For this purpose, the leaves of these two evergreen shrubs were harvested by hand-clipping in their early vegetative stages at Sarkoy, Tekirdag, Turkey, in April 2019. The nutrient and mineral contents and in vitro digestibility of kermes oak and mock privet was determined by using in vitro gas production technique. In this study, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the kermes oak and mock privet in terms of the contents of dry matter, crude ash, crude cellulose, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin, and the minerals of zinc, copper, iron, and potassium (p<0.05). Furthermore, it has been observed that these two shrub plants yielded different values in terms of metabolizable energy and organic matter digestibility (p<0.05). In this study, the time-dependent mean gas production of the two evergreen shrubs was found to be significant at all times except the 96th hour; and gas production kinetics made a significant difference in b, the volume of the gas production from slowly fermentable (p<0.05). The volume of the gas production from slowly fermentable (b) was found to be higher in the mock privet than the kermes oak. Results derived from this study indicate that even the differences between the kermes oak and mock privet in terms of nutrient and mineral contents, both shrubs might be used more adequately as an alternative feed source during the grazing season where they are widely distributed.