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Öğe A quantile regression approach to assess the impact of water-related environmental innovations on water stress(Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Esen, Omer; Yildirim, Durmus Cagri; Yildirim, SedaThis paper examines the further question of whether water-related environmental innovations affect water stress in three main sectors such as agriculture, industry and services. The sample consists of 30 OECD countries for the period 2000-2019. This paper employs the method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) with fixed effects to analyze the effects of water-related innovative activities across different quantiles of water stress for all three sectors separately. The empirical results indicate that water-related innovations positively affect water stress in the agricultural sector in the lower and middle quantiles, while it has a negative effect in the middle and higher quantiles for the services sector and the higher quantiles for the industrial sector. These findings reveal nuanced effects of water-related innovations on water stress across sectors. Furthermore, the study suggests that while innovations in the industrial and services sectors can mitigate water stress beyond a certain threshold level, the agricultural sector appears to benefit comparatively less from such innovations. These findings underscore the importance of complementing water-related innovations with appropriate regulatory measures, to address informal practices such as losses and leakages in agricultural irrigation. Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights for policy makers to formulate targeted environmental policies and strategies, especially in the context of climate change adaptation, thereby enabling a more effective allocation of resources to mitigate water stress within each sector.Öğe ASYMMETRIC EFFECTS OF INFLATION AND INFLATION UNCERTAINTY ON OUTPUT GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY BASED ON THRESHOLD AUTOREGRESSIVE (TAR) MODEL(Symmetrion, 2023) Esen, Omer; Akin, ArzuThis paper empirically examines whether the effects of inflation and inflation uncertainty on output growth vary depending on the level-high or low- of the inflation environment in Turkey. This study adopts the recently developed threshold autoregressive (TAR) model, which can predict the threshold level endogenously. The empirical results indicate that the inflation level below the 12.15% threshold has a statistically significant and detractive effect on output, but inflation uncertainty has no effect. On the other hand, the negative effect of inflation above the threshold level on output continues, although it decreases, and the effect of inflation uncertainty on output turns from meaningless to strongly negative. That is, the findings point out that industrial production is more affected by the inflation level in a relatively low-inflation environment and by inflation volatility in a high one.Öğe ASYMMETRIC IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION ON CARBON FOOTPRINT IN TURKIYE: HEALER OR DISRUPTOR?(Symmetrion, 2023) Esen, Omer; Yildirim, Durmus Cagri; Guven, MelekThis study empirically examines the non-linear effects of environmental innovation on carbon footprint in Turkey. To achieve this, it employs the Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) model to determine potential asymmetric relationships among variables, drawing from annual data spanning from 1992 to 2018. The findings indicate that when the level of environmental innovation is below the 11.50% threshold (0.085), it leads to an increase in the carbon footprint. Moreover, when the threshold is exceeded, this increase intensifies (0.189). In essence, the results validate the existence of the environmental rebound effect, pointing out that the gains obtained through environmental innovation tend to lead to more production and consumption rather than reducing the carbon footprint. Based on the study's findings, it is recommended that policymakers consider the environmental rebound effect in their regulations and prioritize solutions that better account for environmental impacts, to harness the full potential of environmental-related innovation.Öğe Environmental protection and environmental protection expenditure in developing countries: A case of Turkey(IGI Global, 2023) Yildirim, Seda; Yildirim, Durmus Cagri; Esen, OmerEnvironmental protection expenditures are an important indicator of the extent to which a country allocates a budget for the protection of environmental quality. In particular, in line with the 2030 sustainable development goals, measures and policies for environmental protection have been increased. Along with the economic development concern, social development and the preservation of environmental quality pose a great challenge for developing countries. In this study, environmental protection statistics and environmental protection expenditures will be examined and how much progress can be made in sustainable development will be discussed. The case of Turkey as a developing country is discussed in this study. It is thought that the study will contribute to whether the use of environmental protection and environmental protection expenditures can be an alternative measurement tool for sustainable development. © 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.Öğe Nexus between environmental innovation and ecological footprint in OECD countries: is there an environmental rebound effect?(Springer, 2024) Aydin, Celil; Esen, Omer; Cetintas, YagmurThis study empirically examines the effect of environmental innovation on ecological footprint using a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model for 33 OECD countries, over the period 1995-2019. The findings indicate that a rebound effect occurs when the level of environmental innovation surpasses the calculated threshold level (14.254%), suggesting that environmental innovations exert pressure on the environment. Existing empirical results point to a rebound effect, which refers to offsetting the gains from environmental innovation by channeling them into production and consumption.
