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    Different Abundances of Human-Biting Ticks in Two Neighboring Provinces in Turkey
    (Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2011) Gargılı, Ayşen; Kar, Sırrı; Yılmazer, Nadim; Ergonul, Onder; Vatansever, Zati
    In this study, tick samples were examined, which were obtained from humans who applied to the regional hospitals with complaints of tick bites between May and November 2007 in two neighboring provinces, Kocaeli and Sakarya, in Eastern Marmara Region of Turkey. The samples were evaluated in terms of species, developmental stage and season for each province. In the course of the study, totally 3121 ticks were collected. Of those, 1610 ticks were from Kocaeli, 1511 ticks were from Sakarya. Among the total samples Ixodes spp. (52.87%), Hyalomma spp. (41.78%), Rhipicephalus spp. (4.2%), Haemaphysalis spp. (0.7%), Dermacentor spp. (0.35%) and Argas spp. (0.003%) were identified. Additionally, it was seen that one person was bitten by male Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus and one other was bitten by nymphal stage of Otobius megnini; these species were recorded for the first time in humans in Turkey. Concerning with the incidences of tick species, majority belongs to Hyalomma spp. (60.06%) in Kocaeli and Ixodes spp. (75.65%) in Sakarya. There were somewhat differences also in incidences of other tick species between these provinces. These disparities encountered between two neighboring provinces which have adjacent coordinates and similar climates, showed that the risk of tick bites or characteristic of this risk in a region could vary distinctly in terms of sub-regions which have some specific sub-conditions.
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    Revisiting detachment techniques in human-biting ticks
    (Mosby-Elsevier, 2016) Belli, Asli Akin; Dervis, Emine; Kar, Sırrı; Ergonul, Onder; Gargılı, Ayşen
    Background: Early and complete removal of ticks using the right technique is important to reduce tick-transmitted diseases. Several chemical and mechanical detachment techniques have been described previously. Objective: We aimed to compare the performance of 4 tick-detachment techniques that are widely used in human beings and to determine the optimal method from these techniques. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 patients between April and June 2010. Patients with reported tick bite were reviewed retrospectively and divided into the following 4 groups according to the tick-detachment technique used: card detachment, lassoing, freezing, and tweezers. Performance of each technique was evaluated according to the number of fully detached, nondetached, and crushed ticks and the duration of application. Results: Of the 160 tick-bite cases assessed, we found the following efficacy rates: 82.5% (33/40), technique using tweezers; 47.5% (19/40), lassoing technique; 7.5% (3/40), card detachment; and 0% (0/40), freezing technique. The efficacy rate of the technique using tweezers was significantly higher than that of the other 3 techniques (P < .05). Limitations: This was a relatively small sample size and not designed as a randomized clinical trial. Conclusion: Tick detachment using tweezers, performed in an appropriate manner, is the easiest and most effective technique.