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Öğe Akıllı tekstiller alanında kullanılmak üzere termokromik ve multikromik pamuklu kumaşlar eldesi(Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, 2022) Ergünay, Uğur; Atav, RızaGünümüzde katma değeri yüksek teknik, fonksiyonel ve akıllı tekstillerin önemi giderek artmaktadır. Akıllı tekstillerin bir sınıfı da kromik materyallerdir. Kromizm belirli etkenlerle (sıcaklık, çözücü, pH vb.) renkte oluşan tersinir değişikliktir. Bu tez projesi kapmasında öncelikle pamuklu kumaşların termokromik boyalarla konvansiyonel çektirme ve emdirme yöntemlerine göre boyanabilirliğini sağlayacak bir proses geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla pamuk liflerinin kimyasal modifikasyonu sonrası yün boyama veya parça boyamacıların kullandığı pigment boyama prosesine göre boyanması üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Termokromik boyalar için optimum aplikasyon yöntem ve koşulları saptandıktan sonra, termokromik boyaların halokromik ve/veya fotokromik boyalarla ikili ve üçlü kombinasyonları da gerçekleştirilmiştir. Termokromik, halokromik ve fotokromik boyaların üçlü kombinasyonu kullanılarak ortam ısısının çalışan kişi için rahatsız edici veya risk oluşturucu olup olmadığını haber veren (termokromik), iş ortamında tehlikeli bir kimyasal buharı olup olmadığını (asit- alkali buharları) haber veren (halokromik) ve bir yandan UV ışınlarına karşı koruma sağlarken diğer yandan UV ışınları ile renk değiştirerek (fotokromik) görsel efekt yaratan pamuklu akıllı multikromik sensör giysilerin üretilmesi için yöntem geliştirilmiştir.Öğe Creating a high-quality wool-oriented Turkish merino herd and investigation of mechanical and dyeability properties of fabrics produced from Turkish merino in comparison with Australian merino(Wiley, 2023) Atav, Rıza; Buğdaycı, Berhan; Şen, Ayşe; Ergünay, Uğur; Gürkan Ünal, Pelin; Özkan Ünal, Emel; Karagöz, Gökmen; Işık, RaziyeToday, the need for quality wool suitable for worsted fabric production in the world is mainly met by Australian merino wool. In Turkey, which has a significant sheep population, in addition to domestic breeds, approximately 10% of the total sheep population (around four million head) is composed of merino cross breeds. However, the fleece quality is far from meeting Australian merino wool standards. Therefore, the aim of this study is to ensure a merino herd with high-quality wool in Turkey. For this aim, by carrying out field studies in the Thrace region of Turkey where Turkish Merino sheep are widely bred, sheep with fleece that can meet the demands of the worsted industry were determined. As a result of field studies in which thousands of sheep were examined, it was determined that 43 female and 10 male sheep had fleece that would meet these standards. Then the breeders of the sheep, which had quality fleece, were persuaded and these sheep were purchased, and Turkey's wool-oriented Turkish (Karacabey) Merino Herd consisting of 30 sheep and three rams was formed in the farm of Tekirdag Namik Kemal University. In the second part of this study, a 100% wool fabric produced by using Australian merino was taken as a reference and it was aimed to produce the same fabric from Turkish merino wool. For this aim, the wool-oriented Turkish Merino herd, which was bred at the university farm for 1 year, was shorn in May 2022. Then, Turkish and Australian merino wools were first converted into worsted yarn and then into woven fabric. The results of mechanical (tensile strength, pilling, abrasion resistance, felting shrinkage, Hofmann dimensional change, bending stiffness) and dyeability (dye-uptake, CIE L*a*b* and colour yield (K/S) values; washing, rubbing and light fastness values) properties of fabrics produced from Turkish and Australian merino wool is presented.Öğe Determining the Effect of Pigmentation on Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Yak and Cashmere Down Fibers(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Atav, Rıza; Ergünay, Uğur; Gürkan Ünal, PelinIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of pigmentation on the physical and mechanical properties of white and brown colored cashmere and yak down fibers in comparison with wool. According to experimental results, it was found that the pigmented fibers have higher diameter and length compared to their white equivalents. However, tenacity and elongation values were lower in pigmented fibers. On the other hand, it can be said that brown fibers had lower felting tendency compared to white fibers. © 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Öğe Distinguishing yak and cashmere fibers from each other to prohibit mislabeling through microscopic and spectroscopic analysis(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Atav, Rıza; Ergünay, Uğur; Gürkan Ünal, PelinSince yak and cashmere fibers show very similar properties and yak fibers are considerably cheaper than cashmere, it is an important issue that yak is used instead of cashmere in the industry and the final product is sold as cashmere with misleading labelling. Therefore, researchers have been working on developing a method for differentiating these two fibers for many years. In the studies carried out in literature to date, no definitive method has been found which can distinguish these fibers from each other. Accurate results can only be obtained with DNA analysis, and this method is difficult and expensive to apply. On the other hand, when the literature was examined, it was seen that various fiber properties were investigated to distinguish yak and cashmere fibers. However, fibers having the same color were not systematically used together in these studies. In this study, both white and brown fibers from cashmere and yak origin were examined and thus, whether any method would be useful or not to distinguish yak and cashmere fibers in general or white cashmere from white yak and brown cashmere from brown yak in particular was presented. Within the scope of present work, it was aimed to find a way of distinguishing these fibers from each other by making various microscopic and spectroscopic analysis. For this aim fiber cross-section and longitudinal appearance analysis by light microscopy; scale morphology (scale structure, scale shape, scale pattern), scale height (thickness), scale length and scale frequency analysis by scanning electron microscopy; color (CIE L*a*b* color coordinates) analysis with spectrophotometer, fiber functional group analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fiber combustion behavior analysis with thermogravimetric analysis were conducted. © 2023 The Textile Institute.Öğe Investigation of the Dyeability of Cotton Fabrics with a Halochromic Dye According to Exhaust and Padding Methods(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Atav, Riza; Akkuş, Eray; Ergünay, UğurSmart textiles are an important field in textile since these products are high-added value. One of the applications of smart textiles is chromic textiles, which can be used as a sensor. As is known, exhaust and padding dyeing are the basic methods and for this reason in this study process optimization for application of a halochromic dye (bromcresol purple) to cotton by these methods was carried out. According to experimental results, it can be said that dyeings according to exhaust method using wool dyeing process was successful for cationized cotton. On the other hand, pigment dyeing process used by garment dyers did not give satisfactory results in terms of fastness. In addition, the optimum conditions for padding method were determined as 5 g/L dye and 20 g/L binder. Fabrics showed very good color changing ability with regard to pH both with acid-base solutions and acid-base vapors. Accordingly, it can be said that both exhaust and padding methods can be used for dyeing with halochromic dyes, if optimum conditions are determined. © 2021 Taylor & Francis.Öğe PREPARATION OF SILVER CYCLOHEXANE DI CARBOXYLATE: ?-CYCLODEXTRIN INCLUSION COMPLEXES AND THEIR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) NANOWEBS(2020) Atav, Rıza; Yıldız, Aylin; Vatansever Bayramol, Derman; Ağırgan, Ahmet Özgür; Ergünay, UğurIn this study, guest:host inclusion complexes of silver cyclohexane di carboxylate (Ag-CdC) with ?-cyclodextrin wereprepared by kneading and physical mixing techniques, and analyzed via Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) andthermogravimetric analyser (TGA). The 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometry of the guest:host were prepared. Obtained FTIR and TGA resultsshowed that formation of silver cyclohexane di carboxylate (Ag-CdC): ?-cyclodextrin (?-CD) inclusion complexes occurred at a massratio of both 1:1 and 1:2. Furthermore, these prepared inclusion complexes were doped in poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers duringelectrospinning process for obtaining nanowebs. The formation of nanowebs were investigated with scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Besides, FTIR and TGA analysis were also carried out. Results showed that both inclusion complex preparation and inclusioncomplex added PVA nanowebs production were successful.Öğe Screening of Vegetal Dyes for Wool Dyeing: Selection of Feasible Alternatives for Industrial Applications(Korean Fiber Society, 2024) Atav, Rıza; Ergünay, UğurAlthough there are many studies on dyeing of wool fibers with natural dyes, it is noteworthy that the studies generally consist of evaluating the color and fastness values by dyeing with selected plants and mordants, rather than ensuring that natural dyes are industrially applicable. This study aims to find out whether or not there is any plant that can give good fastness values on wool without using mordant by examining 50 different plants. Thus, plants that gave yellow, red, and blue colors with good fastness values were determined without using mordant. Accordingly, safflower for yellow color, quince leaf for reddish color (dried rose color), and ratanjot for grayish-blue color gave the best results for trichromatic dyeing. Actually, red and blue colors can be obtained successively with madder and indigo, respectively. However, indigo requires a special vatting process, which prevents its usage in the same bath with yellow and red dyes. For this reason, ratanjot can be an alternative for bluish color since it can be applied with yellow and red dyes in a single bath. If madder is used for red when ratanjot and safflower are used for blueish and yellow colors, respectively, an imbalance will occur in trichromatic dyeings due to high color yield of madder. To eliminate this drawback, it was observed that quince leaf rather than madder would be more suitable for trichromatic dyeings. Studies have shown that the ratanjot is a plant that can give bluish color without the need for the vatting process, and thus, the problem of trichromatic dyeing in a single bath has been eliminated. It is assumed that natural dyes should also be available in powder form just like synthetic dyes for obtaining standard production. For this reason, the obtained plant extracts were converted into powder dyes. Finally, color yield and fastness properties were examined by dyeing with powder dyes in different depths. Moreover, it was determined that pomegranate peel, madder, and indigo could be used for bright yellow, bright red, and bright blue colors, respectively, but they were not suitable for dyeing in a single bath. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the Korean Fiber Society.
