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    Antioxidant Activity, Some Nutritional and Colour Properties of Vacuum Dried Strawberry Tree (Arbutus Unedo L.) Fruite
    (Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2011) Orak, Hakime Hülya; Aktaş, Türkan; Yağar, Hülya; İşbilir, Şebnem Selen; Ekinci, Neslihan; Şahin, Füsun H.
    Background. The strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruit contains a higher amount of nutrients and bioactive compounds than many other cultivated species, however, the edible use of this fruit is currently not widespread. In this study, the influences of vacuum drying have been investigated in terms of changing of some nutritional characteristics, antioxidant properties, and colour. Material and methods. Fruits were collected from Canakkale province in Turkey and next vacuum dried. Ethyl oleate and water blanching pre-treatments were applied to fruits before drying. Ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, minerals, colour, total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, beta-carotene bleaching activity and HMF formation were determined. Results. The EO pretreatment shortened the drying time more than WB and gives a higher beta-carotene bleaching activity, lower HMF and higher yellowness and brightness of external colour characteristics. Conclusions. In this research, the effects of vacuum drying process on the colour, antioxidant activity and nutritional characteristics of fruit have been determined and it has been concluded that the strawberry tree fruit is assessable in food industry by drying due to rich nutritional components, antioxidant activity and attractive colour of the fruit.
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    Determination of antioxidant activities of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) flowers and fruits at different ripening stages
    (Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2012) İşbilir, Şebnem Selen; Orak, Hakime Hülya; Yağar, Hülya; Ekinci, Neslihan
    In this study, the antioxidant activities of Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) flowers at flowering period and fruits during ripening period were investigated, along with some ripening characteristics such as color, reducing sugar and acidity. Antioxidant activity characteristics were investigated using by the methods of DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2- -picryl-hydrazyl) scavenging activity, ?-carotene bleaching, reducing power, metal chelating capacity, superoxide anion scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity in water, ethanol and methanol extracts. The total phenolic content of flowers in water extracts was found to be 232.38 ± 7.19 mg GAE · g-1 extract, and the DPPH activity was 81.3 ± 0.49% at 50 ?g·ml-1 concentration. In the ripening stages, the fully red fruits were determined higher antioxidant capacity than green and yellow fruits, except H2O2 scavenging activity which was highest in green fruit. In correlation study, the highest relationship was found between total phenolic content with reducing power (r2 = 0.987**, P < 0.01), while the lowest with H2O2 scavenging activity (r2 = 0.519*, P < 0.05).
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    DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF STRAWBERRY TREE (Arbutus unedo L.) FLOWERS AND FRUITS AT DIFFERENT RIPENING STAGES
    (Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2012) İşbilir, Şebnem Selen; Orak, Hakime Hülya; Yağar, Hülya; Ekinci, Neslihan
    In this study, the antioxidant activities of Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) flowers at flowering period and fruits during ripening period were investigated, along with some ripening characteristics such as color, reducing sugar and acidity. Antioxidant activity characteristics were investigated using by the methods of DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) scavenging activity, beta-carotene bleaching, reducing power, metal chelating capacity, superoxide anion scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity in water, ethanol and methanol extracts. The total phenolic content of flowers in water extracts was found to be 232.38 +/- 7.19 mg GAE . g(-1) extract, and the DPPH activity was 81.3 +/- 0.49% at 50 mu g.ml(-1) concentration. In the ripening stages, the fully red fruits were determined higher antioxidant capacity than green and yellow fruits, except H2O2 scavenging activity which was highest in green fruit. In correlation study, the highest relationship was found between total phenolic content with reducing power (r(2) = 0.987**, P < 0.01), while the lowest with H2O2 scavenging activity (r(2) = 0.519*, P < 0.05).
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    Effects of Different Drying Methods on Drying Kinetics and Color Parameters of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L.) Fruit
    (Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 2013) Aktaş, Türkan; Orak, Hakime Hülya; Şahin, Füsun Hastürk; Ekinci, Neslihan
    Changing of drying kinetics and color parameters of strawberry tree fruits that were notreated (NPT), ethyl oleate pretreated (EO) and water blanched at 80 ºC (WB) for one minute were evaluated during hot air drying at 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C and vacuum drying at 60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C for halved and whole fruits. In addition to drying behaviors of strawberry tree fruits at different drying methods, triLstimulus color parameters such as Hunter L*, a* and b* values were measured. HMF (formation of 5Lhydroxymethylfurfural) occurring was also determined due to drying process. EO pretreatment was found highly effective on decreasing of drying time both for hot air drying and vacuum drying processes while WB pretreatment found to be more effective to keep color properties of strawberry tree fruits. Color properties were found to be better in half samples compared to whole dried fruits. HMF values verified this result. Hot air drying process caused to shorter drying time. High drying air temperatures (70 ºC for hot air drying and 80 ºC for vacuum drying) for all samples caused to occur HMF while HMF occurred in only whole dried NPT and WB treated fruits for hot air drying process at 60 ºC. All these data show that hot air drying method at 60 ºC drying temperature and, halving of fruits before drying can be proposed for drying of strawberry tree fruits in respect of drying kinetics, color and HMF values.
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    Effects of hot air and freeze drying methods on antioxidant activity, colour and some nutritional characteristics of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L) fruit
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2012) Orak, Hakime Hülya; Aktaş, Türkan; Yağar, Hülya; İşbilir, Şebnem Selen; Ekinci, Neslihan; Şahin, F. Hastürk
    Antioxidant activity, colour and some nutritional properties of hot air and freeze-dried strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruits were investigated. Additionally, the effects of two pre-treatments, namely ethyl oleate and water blanching, were compared in terms of drying characteristics. For determination of antioxidant activities in ethanol extracts, two different analytical methods were used: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and beta-carotene bleaching activity. As a result, the ethyl oleate pre-treatment shortened the drying time by hot air method and gave a higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity (82.16 +/- 0.34%), total phenolic content (7.62 +/- 1.09 mu g GAE/g extract), ascorbic acid content (236.93 +/- 20.14 mg/100 g), besides hydromethylfurfural was not observed. Freeze- dried fruits exhibited higher ascorbic acid content (368.63 +/- 17.16 mg/100 g) than those fresh fruits (231.33 +/- 19.51 mg/100 g) and nearly 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl activity (93.52 +/- 0.41 %) to fresh fruits (94.03 +/- 1.18%). Colour characteristics, sugar content and mineral contents of fruits were significantly affected by pre-treatments and drying methods (p < 0.05). It is concluded that the drying of strawberry tree fruits should bring a valuable and attractive foodstuff to food industry due to the rich nutritional components, antioxidant activity and colour. Another conclusion from this study is that the freeze-drying is the best drying method to keep the nutritional value, antioxidant activity and sensory properties of fruits.
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    Effects of Preharvest Foliar Calcium Applications on the Storage Quality of '0900 Ziraat' Sweet Cherry Cultivar
    (Springer, 2016) Ekinci, Neslihan; Özdüven, Funda; Gur, Engin
    The objective of this study was to investigate effects of foliar calcium application on storage of sweet cherry. Different concentrations of CaCl2 (2.4, 3.2, and 4.0 g/l) and Ca(NO3)(2) (3.4, 4.6, and 5.8 g/l) were applied six times by foliar spraying on leaves and fruits of the sweet cherry variety '0900 Ziraat'. Harvested fruits were packaged in 500 g plastic boxes and stored for four weeks at 0 C-0 and 90-95 % relative humidity. During the experiment, flesh firmness, titratable acidity value (TA), pH, total soluble solids content (SSC) ratio, and weight losses were weekly assessed. The results indicated that there were positive effects of foliar calcium applications on fruit quality coupled with improved firmness, and enhancement of TA, an additional advantage for consumer acceptability. It was found that lower concentrations of both calcium treatments were not affective. On the other hand, 3.2 g/l calcium chloride and 4.6 g/l calcium nitrate were advised. Higher concentrations (4.0 g/l calcium chloride and 5.8 g/l calcium nitrate) caused a decrease in fruit quality through deformations on the fruit surfaces, especially after the third week of storage.
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    Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus Unedo L.) Leaf
    (Korean Society Food Science & Technology-Kosfost, 2011) Orak, Hakime Hülya; Yağar, Hülya; İşbilir, Şebnem Selen; Demirci, Ahmet Şükrü; Gümüş, Tuncay; Ekinci, Neslihan
    In present study, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) leaves were investigated. Antioxidant activity was determined by methods of DPPH scavenging, beta-carotene bleaching, reducing power, metal chelating, superoxide anion scavenging, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Total phenolic content were determined to be 197.16 +/- 1.43 mg GAE/g extract in aqueous extract. The EC50 value of methanolic extracts was found to be 0.423 mg/mL. The extracts of leaves showed nearly 1/4 metal chelating capacity of standard EDTA, high reducing power, superoxide anion scavenging, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. While the strawberry tree leaves exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, there was no inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. The strawberry tree leaves exhibited antifungal effect against 2 aflatoxigenic molds namely Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 and NRRL 465. These results suggest that the strawberry tree leaves may be used as an antioxidant source for pharmaceutical application, nutraceutical and functional food industries.
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    Lapseki’de Yetiştirilen 0900 Ziraat Kiraz Çeşidinin Kalite Özellikleri Ve Ekolojik Faktörler
    (Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 2012) Delice, Ahmet; Ekinci, Neslihan; Özdüven, Fatma Funda; Gür, Engin
    Çalışma, Lapseki yöresinde son yıllarda önemi gittikçe artan 0900 Ziraat kiraz çeşidinin kalite özellikleri ve kaliteyi etkileyen ekolojik faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla 2004-2005 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla ilçenin değişik köylerinde dört a yrı üretici bahçesi belirlenmiş, belirlenen bahçelerde vegetasyon dönemi boyunca hava sıcaklıkları ve oransal nem değerleri ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca çiçek gözlerinin kabarması, gözlerin patlaması, çiçeklerin açılması, meyve bağlama ve hasat safhalarının başlangıçları tarih olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada meyvelerde meyve çapı, boyu, ağırlığı, etsertliği, suda çözünebilir kuru madde oranı ve titre edilebilir asitlik ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde vegetasyon dönemi ortalama sıcaklıklarının suda çözünebilir kuru madde oranı üzerine pozitif yönde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. 2004-2005 yıllarında çiçeklenme döneminde meydana gelen düşük sıcaklıkların bir miktar çiçekte zarar yapmasının oluşturduğu seyreltme etkisinin meyvelerde ağırlık artışlarına neden olduğu gözlenmiştir. Çalışmanın her iki yılında da meyve ağırlığı ile suda çözünebilir kuru madde oranı arasında yüksek düzeyde pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur.
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    The effects of different drying methods on drying kinetics and color parameters of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruit
    (2012) Aktaş, Türkan; Orak, Hakime Hülya; Şahin, Fatih Mehmet; Ekinci, Neslihan
    In this study, changing of drying kinetics and color parameters of halved and whole strawberry tree fruits were evaluated by using hot air drying at 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C and vacuum drying at 60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C. Fruits were pretreated before drying with dipping ethyl oleate (EO) and water blanched using 80 °C hot water (WB) for one minute and compared non pretreated (NPT) fruits. The drying behaviors of strawberry tree fruits were measured by using tri-stimulus color parameters such as Hunter L*, a* and b* values. HMF occurring was also observed to find color changing. EO pretreatment and dividing to fruits was found highly effective on decreasing of drying time both drying methods. WB pretreatment found to be effective to keep color properties of fruits. Color properties were found to be better in half samples compared to whole dried fruits. HMF values verified this result.