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Öğe A case of secondary abdominal ectopic pregnancy in a bitch(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Yenilmez, Kudret; Doğan, HalefCases of ectopic pregnancy (EP) and associated fetal mumification in bitches have been rarely reported. In this case report, it was aimed to present a case of secondary abdominal EP diagnosed in a 3-year-old bitch. Abdominal EP was incidentally diagnosed by radiographic examination of the bitch, which had a traffic accident, for likely possible fractures in the body. This case, which can be classified as secondary abdominal EP, was found to be compatible with the literature. The ectopic fetuses were removed from the body by surgical method, and the bitch was fully recovered. © 2021 British Veterinary AssociationÖğe Dose related inhibitor effect of enrofloxacin on in vitro feline spontaneous myometrial contractility(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Doğan, Halef; Öcal, H.; Şafak, T.; Kılınç, M.A.; Rişvanlı, A.Enrofloxacin is one of the most widely used antibacterial drugs in feline medicine. This study investigated the effects of enrofloxacin on in vitro feline spontaneous myometrial contractility at different sexual stages. Uterine samples of the 20 queen cats at different sexual periods were placed in a tissue bath, and in vitro spontaneous stretch-induced myometrial contractions were recorded for 10 min. The tissue bath was adjusted for cumulative enrofloxacin concentrations of 0.25 mM, 0.50 mM, 1.00 mM, and 2.00 mM, respectively. Myometrial contractions were recorded for 10 min after each dose was adjusted in the tissue bath. It was observed that enrofloxacin caused a significant decrease in the peak amplitude and area under curve, while causing an increase the frequency of stretch-induced myometrial contractions in a dose dependent manner in vitro at all sexual stages. The current preliminary study concluded that enrofloxacin has an inhibitory effect on in vitro feline uterine myometrial activity at all sexual stages. It is recommended to take this medical effect into consideration and apply enrofloxacin and uterotonics together in treatment of uterine infections in feline medicine. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.Öğe Effect of melatonin on torsion and reperfusion induced pathogenesis of rat uterus(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Saat, Nevzat; Rışvanlı, Ali; Doğan, Halef; Önalan, E.; Akpolat, N.; Şeker, İbrahim; Şahna, E.We investigated the use of melatonin to improve fertility and reduce uterine damage caused by torsion of the uterus in pregnant rats. We used 35 pregnant rats at gestational age 18 days. The animals were randomized into five groups. Group 1 was anesthetized only. Group 2 was subjected to experimental uterine torsion of 360 degrees and the torsion was corrected after 6 h. Group 3 was subjected to uterine torsion of 360 degrees, the torsion was corrected after 6 h and melatonin was administered at the time of correction. Group 4 rats were subjected to 360o uterine torsion and melatonin was administered 6 h later at the time of correction. Group 5 was administered melatonin followed by uterine torsion of 360 degrees followed by correction of torsion 6 h later. Samples were obtained from the uterine horns on the day 1 postpartum. We used Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase 3 staining to measure apoptosis in the uterine tissues. The mRNA levels of Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinases 1 (ROCK1), homeobox D10 (Hox4 HoxD10), TLR4, NF kappa B1, caveolin 1 (Cav1) heat shock protein 90 alpha (cytosolic), class B member 1 (Hsp90ab1) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis (qRT-PCR). Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase 3 were detected using immunohistochemistry. No difference was observed among groups with respect to abortion, neonatal mortality or congenital abnormalities. Compared to the control group, the mRNA levels of Rock1, Hox4, TLR4, NF kappa B1, Cav1 and Hsp90 genes were decreased significantly in the study groups; the decrease was greater in groups 3 and 4, which were treated with melatonin. The greatest amount of Bax staining was found in group 1 and the least amount of Bcl-2 staining was found in groups 4 and 5; the greatest amount of caspase 3 staining was found in group 2. Our findings indicate that melatonin reduced uterine torsion related tissue damage and that its application during torsion was more effective than application following removal of torsion.Öğe Environmental factors influencing milk yield and lactation length in Italian Mediterranean buffaloes in Turkiye(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2022) Yenilmez, Kudret; Doğan, Halef; Özbaşer, Fatma TülinThis preliminary study was conducted to investigate the impact of the fixed effects of calving season, parity, calving age and service period, on the annual average milk yield and lactation length of the Italian Mediterra-nean Buffaloes that were milked by rotary milking parlor. For this purpose the data of 347 buffaloes of a dairy farm (with milking parlor) was used. Their annual average milk yield and lactation length were found to be 1587.55 +/- 33.82 L and 247.66 +/- 4.39 days. It was observed that the prolonged service period had a positive effect on the total milk yield and lactation length. The calving season did not affect the milk yield, but the lactation length was longer in the buffa-loes calving in winter months. The service period had a direct effect on the economic profitability, and it was observed that the service period of buffaloes calving in winter was shorter. It was also determined that milk productivity was positively affected due to the increase of calving age and parity, but there were wide variations in the herd. In conclu-sion, calving age, parity, and service period had a positive effect on the annual average milk yield and lactation length, but, on the other hand, calving season did not affect the annual average milk yield. Further studies on breeding and herd management are required to minimize variations in buffalo herds milked by rotary milking system.Öğe Post-mating diclofenac vs. carprofen treatment on serum progesterone levels and reproductive outcomes in Hungarian-Merino ewes during the non-breeding season(Wiley, 2022) Kutlu, Metehan; Doğan, Halef; Alkan, Hasan; Serbester, Uğur; Kutlu, Hasan RüştüThe maternal recognition process is crucial for the establishment of healthy pregnancy. In this process, anti-luteolytic applications are one of the main reproductive strategies to manage the embryonic losses and maximize reproductive profitability in farm animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of post-mating NSAID treatments on reproductive parameters (pregnancy rate, lambing rate, multiple birth rate, litter size) and serum progesterone levels in ewes stimulated with progesterone non-breeding season. For this purpose, two different experiments (diclofenac and carprofen) were conducted in the same ewe flock induced with short-term progestogen-based protocol in the non-breeding season for two consecutive years. In experiment 1 (n = 85), 42 ewes were injected with 2.5 mg/kg diclofenac on the 9th and 10th days post-mating, and the rest were not treated and served as control. In experiment 2 (n = 82), 40 ewes were injected with 1.4 mg/kg carprofen on the 9th days post-mating, and the rest were not treated as control. In both experiments, blood samples were collected from all ewes on days 9, 12 and 13 post-mating to measure serum progesterone levels. In both experiments, there were no differences both reproductive parameters and serum progesterone levels when compared to the control groups. It was concluded that post-mating diclofenac and carprofen treatments in the critical period have no significant effects on both reproductive parameters and serum progesterone levels in ewes in the non-breeding season.Öğe Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Bovine Amniotic Fluids Collected in Different Trimesters on the Epidural Fibrosis After Experimental Laminectomy in Rats(Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Yurtal, Ziya; Kulualp, Kadri; Özkan, Hüseyin; Mıcılı, Serap Cilaker; Doğan, Halef; Şişman, Ali Riza; Ersoy, NevinBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of bovine amniotic fluid (BAF) on the inhibition of epidural fibrosis (EF) after experimental laminectomy. -METHODS: Forty female Sprague Dawley rats were used. The amniotic fluids were collected from each trimester of a pregnant cow. The rats were divided into 5 groups. Whereas no laminectomy was applied to the con-trol group, animals in the sham group underwent lam-inectomy. Laminectomy was performed in the animals in other groups and the operation area was closed by drip-ping 1 mL of BAF collected in 3 trimesters of pregnancy. Animals were killed 28 days after the operation.RESULTS: Compared with control, VEGF gene expression levels were downregulated approximately 5-fold in BAF-2. Whereas IL-6 was upregulated approximately 8-fold in the sham, it was downregulated 5-fold and 3-fold in BAF-1 and BAF-2, respectively. There was downregulation in BAF-2 and BAF-3 in terms of CD105 gene expression levels. TGFb1 was upregulated approximately 2-fold in the sham group and downregulated in BAF-1 and BAF-2. Although histopathologic alterations including EF grade and fibro-blast cell density were found to increase in the sham group, all BAF treatment decreased those of alterations. The highest CD105 immunoreactivity was detected in the sham group. All BAF treatment markedly aggravated fibrosis via decreasing CD105 immunoreactivity. In terms of grading parameters, almost the closest grades to the con-trol were determined in the BAF-2. BAF collected in the second trimester is most effective in healing of scar tissue and preventing fibrosis via decreasing microvessel and fibroblast densities.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that BAF may be used as a potential protective agent to prevent EF.Öğe Pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonographical measurements of supra-mammary lymph nodes for diagnosis of bovine mastitis(Urmia University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2022) Rişvanli, A.; Doğan, Halef; Şafak, Tarık; Kılıç, Mehmet Akif; Şeker, İbrahimThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mastitis and supramammary lymph nodes in lactating cows in terms of Pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler ultrasonographical measurements. A total of 102 head cows in lactation period were divided into three groups. The cows in which all mammary lobes were California mastitis test (CMT)-negative (n = 27) formed the 1st group; those with CMT-positive mammary lobe (n = 43) formed the 2nd group and the cows with clinical mastitis in at least one mammary lobe (n = 32) formed the 3rd group. In PW Doppler ultrasonography, end-diastolic velocity, systolic peak velocity and time-averaged maximum velocity were measured at the most prominent artery of the lymph node. A quantitative scaling was performed by determining the pulsatile index and resistance index scales based on blood flow parameters. There was no statistically significant difference between the study groups in terms of PW Doppler ultrasonographical measurements of supramammary lymph nodes. In conclusion, the use of PW Doppler ultrasonographic data of the supra-mammary lymph nodes will not provide useful information about the current condition of mastitis in cows. © 2022 Urmia University. All rights reserved.Öğe Relationship between blood calcium level and post-milking teat canal closure in dairy cows(Springer, 2023) Doğan, Halef; Yenilmez, KudretThe teat canal-one of the primary defense mechanisms of the udder-ensures the milk flow during milking in bovines and prevents pathogens from entering the udder by forming a barrier through the elastic muscle and keratin layers tightly closing the surrounding area. The current study investigated the effects of blood calcium status on teat closure in cows after milking. The study covered 200 healthy teats, of which 100 were from normocalcemic (NC) cows and 100 were from subclinical hypocalcemic (SCH) cows. Teat canal length (TCL) and width (TCW) were measured with ultrasonography at 0-min pre-milking and 15- and 30-min post-milking. Cylindrically shaped teat canal volume (TCV) was calculated by deriving from TCL and TCW. Time-dependent changes in teat canal closure and their relationships with blood calcium levels were analyzed. The results showed that the calcium level did not affect TCL, TCW, and TCV (P > 0.05) during the 15-min post-milking period. However, TCL (P < 0.001), TCW (P < 0.05), and TCV (P < 0.001) were lower in NC cows than in SCH cows at 30-min post-milking. At 15-min post-milking, no correlation existed between the teat canal closure (Delta TCL, Delta TCW, and Delta TCV) and the blood calcium level, while significant correlations were available between the teat canal closure and the blood calcium level {Delta TCL (r: - 0.288, P < 0.001), Delta TCW (r: - 0.260, P < 0.001), Delta TCV (r: - 0.150, P < 0.05)} at 30-min post-milking. The current study concluded that the blood calcium status significantly impacts the teat canal closure in bovines, and calcium status should be meticulously monitored with the mastitis control program to apply necessary strategic steps.Öğe The effect of carprofen treatment on reproductive parameters following progestagen administration in lactating German Fawn x Hair crossbred goats during the transitional period(Sivar-Soc Italiana Veterinari Animali Reddito, 2022) Kutlu, M.; Alkan, H.; Doğan, Halef; Dinç, D. A.The aim of this study was determine the effects of carprofen treatment on some reproductive parameters in German Fawn (75%) x Hair (25%) Crossbred goats during the transitional period. The 60 adult goats were treated with an intravaginal sponge containing progestagen (60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate, Esponjavet((R)), Hipra, Spain) for 17 days in the transitional period (June) (day -18). Two days before the sponge removal (day -3) all animals received 12.5 mg dinoprost tromethamine (Dinolytic High Concentration((R)), Zoetis, Spain) intramuscularly, while PMSG 400 IU (Oviser((R)), Hipra, Spain) was administered intramuscularly on the day of removal of the sponge (day -1). Goats in estrus were mated with a proven bucks (all goats:buck ratio of 7:1). Then animals were randomly divided into two groups. Goats in Control Group (n = 30) were not administered any nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Goats in Carprofen Group (n = 30) were given 1.4 mg/kg carprofen (Rimadyl XL (R), Zoetis, Germany) on day 14 post mating (day of estrus = day 0). Pregnancies were determined with transabdominal real time B Mod ultrasonography (Hitachi EUB - 405) with convex prob (3.5 MHz) on day 40-42 post-mating. All goats showed estrus and estrus rate was 100% in all goats. The results showed that there were no statistical differences between the Control Group and Carprofen Group in pregnancy rates (90% and 93.3%), kidding rates (100% and 100%), multiple birth rates (66.6% and 78.5%) and litter sizes (2.03 and 2.32). The serum progesterone concentration on day 16 post mating of Carprofen Group (9.36 ng/ml) were significantly higher than those of Control Group (7.96 ng/ml) (p <= 0.05). It is concluded that, after long term (17 day) progesterone administration during the transitional period, carprofen treatment increased P4 concentration but the increased P4 concentrations did not have a remarkable effect on the pregnancy rate.Öğe The effect of melatonin in rats with uterine torsion on uterus contractions, and the levels of ADMA, SDMA, arginine, Hsp90, TLR4, and NF-?B(Ankara Univ Press, 2019) Doğan, Halef; Risvanli, Ali; Saat, Nevzat; Gül, Hüseyin Fatih; İlhan, Necip; Seker, İbrahim; Sahna, EnginIn this study was aimed at reducing uterine damage and increasing fertility after uterine torsion in pregnant animals. With this aim, uterine torsion was experimentally formed in 35 rats that were between 18-19 days pregnant. The animals were randomly divided into five groups, and melatonin was administered prior to torsion, at the time of torsion, and detorsion (10 mg/kg/gun IP). Ovario-hysterectomy operation was performed on all animals on the first day following parturition. Subsequently, from the obtained uterus samples, determination of the levels of asymmetrical dimethyl arginin (ADMA), symmetrical dimethyl arginin (SDMA), and arginine was made using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and levels of Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), TLR4 (Toll Like Receptor 4) and NF kappa B (Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) were measured using the Western blot technique. The contraction-relaxation responses of the myometrium were also determined in the organ baths. According to the results of the western blot, higher protein expressions than those of the control group were determined in the second, third, fourth, and fifth groups in Hsp90, TLR4, NF-kappa B. The lowest values of arginine and ADMA were found in Group 3, whilst the lowest SDMA value was determined in Group 1. It was determined that melatonin reduces tissue damage secondary to torsio uteri and, furthermore, that administration of this hormone at the time of torsion formation was more effective than its administration at the time of detorsion.Öğe The relationship between mastitis and the B-mode, colour Doppler ultrasonography measurements of supramammary lymph nodes in cows(Cambridge Univ Press, 2019) Rışvanlı, Ali; Doğan, Halef; Şafak, Tarık; Kılıç, M. Akif; Şeker, İbrahimThis research communication aims to test the hypothesis that B-Mode, colour Doppler ultrasonographic measurements and characteristics can identify mastitis in dairy cows. A total of 102 lactating cows were divided into 3 groups: cows in which all mammary quarters were CMT-negative, cows with CMT-positive mammary quarters and cows with clinical mastitis in at least one quarter. Colour Doppler ultrasonography measurements of the supramammary lymph nodes revealed that distortion-type vascular morphology, the rate of type 4 vascular densities and the incidence of mixed-type vascular distributions were highest in the clinical mastitis group, whereas the frequency of avascularity in supramammary lymph nodes was highest in the CMT-negative group. All differences were significant. In conclusion, the use of B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonographic measurements of the supramammary lymph nodes can provide useful information about the current condition of mastitis in cows, although its diagnostic potential remains to be determined.Öğe Türkiye'de farklı niteliklere sahip süt sığırı işletmelerinde mastitisin koruma ve kontrolü kapsamındaki bazı uygulamaların düzeyleri(2021) Saat, Nevzat; Yüksel, Murat; Doğan, Halef; Kılınç, Mehmet Akif; Şeker, İbrahim; Şafak, Tarık; Kul, SelimAmaç: Sunulan çalışmada Türkiye’deki 177 küçük ve 169 büyük ölçeklisüt sığırı işletmesinde mastitisin koruma ve kontrolu?ne yönelik uygulamalar ve uygulanma düzeylerinin ortaya koyulması amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kapsamda Türkiye’de farklı illerdeki toplam 346süt sığırı işletmesinden meme sağlığı ile ilgili verileri toplanarak istatistiksel açıdan incelendi.Bulgular: Büyük ölçekli işletmelerde en fazla 50-200 baş (n=96, %56,8ve en fazla Holştayn ırkı (n=97, %57,4)) ve küçük ölçekli işletmelerde iseen fazla 11-20 baş (n=71, %40,1 ve en fazla Simental ırkı (n=153, %86,4))arası inek olduğu, bu iki tip işletmede 4 yaşlı ineklerin daha fazla olduğu(sırasıyla, n=62, %36,7 ve n=93, %52,5) görülmüştür. Büyük işletmelerdeteat dipping (%70,4), kuru dönem antibiyotik (%72,8), teat seal(%9,5) vemastitis aşısı (%55,6) uygulamalarının küçük ölçekli işletmelerden dahayüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Büyük işletmelerde predipping (%59,2)ve postdipping uygulaması yapanların oranının (%67,5) yapmayanlardandaha fazla olduğu ve uygulamalarda en fazla iyotlu antiseptiklerin kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Küçük ölçekli işletmelerde sağım hijyeni uygulamayanların oranının (%61,6) fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu iki tip işletmede günlük ortalama süt verimi üzerine işletme tipi (p<0,000) ve ırkın(p<0,001) etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur.Öneri: Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’deki süt sığırı işletmelerinde mastitisdenkoruma ve mastitisin kontrolu? amaçlı uygulanan yöntemlerin oranlarının,geçmiş yıllarla karşılaştırıldığında daha yüksek olduğu fakat istenen düzeylerde olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Türkiye’deki Bir İşletmede Yetiştirilen İtalyan Mandalarına Ait Bazı Reprodüktif Özellikler ve Karşılaşılan Reprodüktif Bozuklukların İnsidensi Üzerine Bir Çalışma(2022) Özbaşer, Fatma Tülin; Yenilmez, Kudret; Doğan, HalefBu çalışmada, Türkiye’de özel bir işletmede entansif yetiştiriciliği yapılan İtalyan mandalarına aitbazı reprodüktif özellikler ve karşılaşılan reprodüktif bozuklukların insidensinin belirlenmesiamaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, işletmede bulunan 347 adet dişi mandaya ait iki yıllık işletme kayıtlarıincelenerek, hayvanların reprodüktif verim özelliklerinden gebelik oranı, ilkine gebe kalma yaşı,ilkine malaklama yaşı, doğum-yeniden gebe kalma aralığı, iki doğum arasındaki süre, gebeliksüresi, dişi ve erkek malak doğum ağırlığı parametreleri hesaplandı. Ayrıca sürüde iki yıllık süreçtegözlenen abort, güç doğum ve bazı postpartum bozuklukların insidensi belirlendi. İncelenen verilersonucunda, sürü içerisinde bazı parametrelerde önemli varyasyonların olduğu, ayrıca etkili bir sürüyönetimi için düzenli reprodüktif takip ve üreme programları uygulanması gerektiği kanaatinevarıldı.Öğe Üreme Sezonu Dışında Kısa Süreli Progestagen ve PMSG ile Senkronize Edilen Koyunlarda Ümmunmodülatör Kullanımının Vaginal Akıntı Skoru ve Konsepsiyon Oranı Üzerine Etkisi(2022) Doğan, Halef; Kutlu, MetehanÜreme sezonu dı?ında, koyunlarda en yaygın kullanılan östrüs uyarım protokollerinden birisi, kısa süreli progestagen ve gebe kısrak serum gonadotropin (PMSG) kombinasyonudur. Progestagenlerin genital organlarda olu?turduğu immunsupresyon ile birlikte intravaginal süngerlerin olu?turduğu irkiltici etki, çoğu kez vaginada deği?en derecelerde vaginal akıntı ve inflamasyona sebep olabilmektedir. Bu çalı?mada, kısa süreli intravaginal progestagen ve PMSG kombinasyonu ile östrüsleri uyarılan üreme sezonu dı?ındaki koyunlarda, protokole immunmodülatör ilavesinin vaginal akıntı skoru ve konsepsiyon oranı üzerindeki etkisinin ara?tırılması amaçlanmı?tır. Çalı?mada, 60 adet Macar merinosu ırkı koyun kullanıldı. Koyunlar rastgele iki e?it gruba ayrıldıktan sonra, deney grubuna (CCL), 10 mg Corynebacterium cutis lizatı uygulanarak, 7 gün süre ile progestagen içeren vaginal sünger uygulandı. Yedinci günde süngerler alınarak, 500 IU PMSG enjeksiyonu yapıldı. Kontrol grubuna (Kontrol) ise, sadece 7 gün intravaginal progestagen ve PMSG uygulaması yapıldı. Süngerlerin çıkarıldığı anda vaginal akıntı skorları belirlenerek kaydedildi. Koyunların östrüsleri takip edilerek elde a?ım yaptırıldı. Elde a?ımlar sonrası gebelik muayenesi yapılarak, gruplarda konsepsiyon oranları belirlendi. CCL ve Kontrol gruplarında östrüs oranları (%96.6 & %93.1; P>0.05) ve ortalama vaginal akıntı skorlarında (1.20 & 1.53; P>0.05) farklılık tespit edilmezken, konsepsiyon oranlarında ise istatistiki açıdan önemlik tespit edildi (%79.3 & %50.0; P=0.011). Alınan verilerden, vaginal akıntı skor sayısı azaldıkça, konsepsiyon oranının arttığı belirlense de, yapılan korrelasyon analizinde, vaginal akıntı skoru ve konsepsiyon oranı arasında anlamlı bir ili?kinin olmadığı tespit edildi (P>0.05). Sunulan bu çalı?manın sonuçlarına göre, üreme sezonu dı?ında kısa süreli progestagen ve PMSG kombinasyonu uygulanan koyunlarda, protokole immunmodülatör ilavesinin, östrüs oranı ve vaginal akıntı skorları üzerine etkili olmadığı, ancak konsepsiyon oranında önemli derecede bir artı? meydana getirdiği sonucuna varıldı.
