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    Time and quantile domain connectedness between the geopolitical risk of China and precious metals markets
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Lu, Chengwu; Zafar, Muhammad Wasif; Cevik, Emrah I.; Destek, Mehmet Akif; Bugan, Mehmet Fatih
    It is expected that the irrational behavior of the investors due to psychological reasons in risk situations, the decisions taken in fear and panic affect the performance of investment instruments, and thus the decisions of the diversified portfolio. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the existence of the argument that precious metals investments as an investment asset can protect against geopolitical risks and potentially act as a safe haven against such risks. To this end, we examine the impact of geopolitical risk for China, because China is the world leader in terms of the production of precious metals, on gold, silver, palladium, and platinum prices. In doing so, the monthly data from January 1990 to August 2022 is analyzed with time-varying quantile connectedness method. Our results show that especially during the higher tension periods such as the bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Yugoslavia in 1999, the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the trade war between the USA and China and Covid19 pandemic, high precious metals have received spillover from the geopolitical risk index.
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    Unleashing power of financial technologies on mineral productivity in G-20 countries
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Cevik, Nuket Kirci; Cevik, Emrah I.; Destek, Mehmet Akif; Bugan, Mehmet Fatih; Manga, Muege
    This study aims to investigate the effects of financial technologies (FinTech) on mineral productivity, used for the first time in an empirical analysis, for G-20 countries. In the process, the impacts of financial technology, population, economic growth, trade openness, human capital, and total factor productivity on mineral productivity are examined using panel regression and panel VAR procedure for the period from 2002 to 2019. Empirical research yielded evidence indicating that increasing factor productivity and finance technology drive an increase in mineral productivity. Nonetheless, there is an inverse relationship between trade openness and mineral productivity. Moreover, there is no statistically significant relationship between economic growth, population growth, human capital accumulation, and mineral productivity. Furthermore, we also utilized with method of moments quantile regression technique to observe the effects of explanatory variables on different quantiles of mineral productivity. The findings demonstrate that although economic growth has a negative effect on mineral productivity across all quantiles, a positive increase in factor productivity has an influence on mineral productivity across all quantiles. However, financial technology and human capital accumulation only benefit mineral productivity at huge quantiles. Additionally, the outcomes of the robustness check techniques used show that financial technologies and mineral productivity have a bidirectional causal link and that, in the former instance of positive shocks in the latter, there are positive and substantial reactions.