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    Effect of donor cell type, gender on efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Arat, Sezen; Caputcu, Arzu Tas; Çevik, Mesut; Akkoç, Tolga; Çetinkaya, Gaye
    [No Abstract Available]
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    Effect of growth factors on oocyte maturation and allocations of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells of cloned bovine embryos
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2016) Arat, Sezen; Caputcu, Arzu Tas; Çevik, Mesut; Akkoç, Tolga; Çetinkaya, Gaye; Bagis, Haydar
    This study was conducted to determine the additive effects of exogenous growth factors during in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) and the sequential culture of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. Oocyte maturation and culture of reconstructed embryos derived from bovine granulosa cells were performed in culture medium supplemented with either epidermal growth factor (EGF) alone or a combination of EGF with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). The maturation rates of oocytes matured in the presence of EGF or the EGF + IGF-I combination were significantly higher than those of oocytes matured in the presence of only fetal calf serum (FCS) (P < 0.05). The developing NT embryos showed no significant differences in fusion, cleavage or blastocyst rates among the culture groups (P > 0.05). IGF-I alone or in combination with EGF in sequential embryo culture medium significantly increased the ratio of inner cell mass (ICM) to total blastocyst cells (P < 0.05). Our results showed that the addition of growth factors to IVM and sequential culture media of cloned bovine embryos increased the ICM without changing the total cell number. These unknown and uncontrolled effects of growth factors can alter the allocation of ICM and trophectoderm cells (TE) in NT embryos. A decrease in TE cell numbers could be a reason for developmental abnormalities in embryos in the cloning system.
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    Tissue cryobanking for conservation programs: effect of tissue type and storage time after death
    (Springer, 2013) Caputcu, Arzu Tas; Akkoç, Tolga; Çetinkaya, Gaye; Arat, Sezen
    In this study, we investigated the temporal post-mortem limits, within which there will be guarantees of obtaining living cells from several tissues of sheep and cattle and the effect of vitrification on the ability of cells from tissue stored at different times. Muscle tissue and auricular cartilage were stored at 4 degrees C for 5, 48, 72, 96 and 216 h post-mortem (hpm). Tissue samples were sorted into two groups: one group was in vitro cultured immediately after storage and the other was vitrified after storage and then in vitro cultured. In cattle and sheep, no differences in subconfluence rates were observed between the two experimental groups. At the same time, no significant differences were observed in the number of days required in culture to reach confluence between non-vitrified and vitrified groups when tissues were stored at 4 degrees C for different times. In sheep, while the population doubling times (PDT) were similar in cartilage cells from vitrified and non-vitrified tissues and stored at 4 degrees C for 5 and 216 hpm, PDT of muscle cells were longer in 216 hpmstored groups than in 5 hpm stored groups. In bovine, although the PDT of muscle cells were similar for 5 and 216 hpm and both vitrified and non-vitrified tissues and the PDT were longer in cartilage cells from vitrified than from non-vitrified tissues. In conclusion, although storage times and vitrification have different effects on tissues from cattle and sheep, this study showed that living cells could be obtained from all groups. Therefore, cartilage andmuscle tissues can be stored at 4 degrees C for 216 hpm and used for cyrobanking.