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  • Küçük Resim
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    Molecular, morphological, and cytological analysis of diverse Brachypodium distachyon inbred lines
    (Canadian Science Publishing, 2009) Filiz, Ertuğrul; Özdemir, B. S.; Budak, F.; Vogel, John P.; Tuna, Metin; Budak, H.
    Brachypodium distachyon (brachypodium) is a small grass with the biological and genomic attributes necessary to serve as a model system for all grasses including small grains and grasses being developed as energy crops (e.g., switchgrass and Miscanthus). To add natural variation to the toolkit available to plant biologists using brachypodium as a model system, it is imperative to establish extensive, well-characterized germplasm collections. The objectives of this study were to collect brachypodium accessions from throughout Turkey and then characterize the molecular (nuclear and organelle genome), morphological, and cytological variation within the collection. We collected 164 lines from 45 diverse geographic regions of Turkey and created 146 inbred lines. The majority of this material (116 of 146 inbred lines) was diploid. The similarity matrix for the diploid lines based on AFLP analysis indicated extensive diversity, with genetic distances ranging from 0.05 to 0.78. Organelle genome diversity, on the other hand, was low both among and within,the lines used in this study. The geographic distribution of genotypes was not significantly correlated with either nuclear or organelle genome variation for the genotypes studied. Phenotypic characterization of the lines showed extensive variation in flowering time (7-22 weeks), seed production (4-193 seeds/plant), and biomass (15-77 g). Chromosome morphology of the collected brachypodium accessions varied from submetacentric to metacentric, except for chromosome 5, which was acrocentric. The diverse brachypodium lines developed in this study will allow experimental approaches dependent upon natural variation to be applied to this new model grass. These results will also help efforts to have a better understanding of complex large genomes (i.e., wheat, barley, and switchgrass).
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    Molecular, serological and transmission electron microscopic analysis of the Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV and the Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV in canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.)
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2008) İlbağı, Havva; Rabenstein, F.; Habekuss, A.; Ordon, F.; Çıtır, Ahmet; Cebeci, O.; Budak, H.
    Canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.) is a cereal crop belonging to the tribe Phalarideae of the Poaceae family. A prevailing virus infection, which causes dwarfing of plants and yellowing of leaves, was observed in canary seed fields in the Tekirdag province of Turkey. The aim of this study was to identify, clone and sequence the cereal viruses naturally occurring on P. canariensis by employing serological tests as DAS-ELISA and TAS-ELISA tests combined with transmission electron microcopy (TEM) and molecular analysis. One hundred and one plant samples showing symptoms were collected and tested serologically using polyclonal antisera against Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV). The results of both immunoassays showed that 48% of the samples were infected with BYDV-PAV, 2% with CYDV-RPV and 14% were mixed infection. 36% of the samples were uninfected or infected at level below detection. Aphid transmission experiments revealed that barley (cv. Rubina) exhibited characteristic of CYDV-RPV. Investigations of infected canary grass seedlings using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) supported the findings of serological tests and revealed the presence of isometric particles of approximately 25 nm in diameter. These results were also confirmed by using BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV specific primers. Sequence analysis of cDNA and probable translation products revealed a high level of homology to BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV isolates found in other plant species. The sequence data obtained from this research were deposited in the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under the accession nos. EGO19056 and EF372272.