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Öğe Effect of temperature on insecticidal efficiency of local diatomaceous earth against stored-grain insects(Entomological Society of Turkey, 2019) Şen, Recep; Işıkber, Ali Arda; Bozkurt, Hüseyin; Sağlam, ÖzgürA study was conducted in 2017 in Entomology Laboratory of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University to determine effect of temperature on insecticidal efficacy of local diatomaceous earth (DE), collected from Turkey, against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L., 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val., 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Bioassays were performed at three temperatures (20, 25 and 30ºC) and 55% RH on wheat treated with 0, 100, 300, 500, 900 and 1500 ppm (mg DE/kg grain) concentrations of local DE. Temperature had significant effect on insecticidal efficacy of local DE against the tested stored-grain insects. The effect of temperature on the insecticidal efficacy of local DE varied with insect species and concentration. Mortality of S. oryzae and T. confusum adults generally increased with increasing temperature and mortality at 30ºC was significantly higher than at 20 and 25ºC. However, for R. dominica adults treated with local DE, mortality at 20ºC was significantly higher than at 25 and 30ºC. The results indicated that complete mortality of T. confusum and S. oryzae can be achieved at lower concentrations ranging from 500 to 900 ppm. In conclusion, local DE formulation (ACN-1) has potential to be used for control of stored-grain insects. © 2019 Entomological Society of Turkey. All rights reserved.Öğe Efficacy of Spinetoram for the Control of Bean Weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Different Surfaces(MDPI, 2022) Sağlam, Özgür; Çelik, Ahmet; Işıkber, Ali Arda; Bozkurt, Hüseyin; Sakka, Maria K.; Athanassiou, Christos G.Simple Summary Contact toxicity of spinetoram on three different surfaces, concrete, ceramic floor tile and laminate flooring, against Acanthocelides obtectus (Say.) was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Our results provide data on the insecticidal effect of spinetoram for the control of A. obtectus on various surfaces; however, its efficacy varies according to the surface type, exposure time and concentration. In conclusion, our laboratory tests indicated that spinetoram at 0.025 and 0.05 mg active ingredient (AI)/cm(2) achieved satisfactory control at relatively short exposures by contact action of A. obtectus adults on three surfaces, commonly encountered in legume storage facilities and warehouses. In this study, the contact toxicity of spinetoram on three different surfaces, concrete, ceramic floor tile and laminate flooring, against Acanthocelides obtectus (Say.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Different concentrations were evaluated ranging from 0.0025 to 0.05 mg AI/cm(2), against adults of A. obtectus. Adult mortality was measured after 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-day exposure. After 1-day exposure, the mortality was low on all surfaces, ranging from 0 to 27.2%. After 5- and 7-day exposure, spinetoram at concentrations of 0.01 mg/cm(2) and above achieved 100% or close mortality on concrete and laminate flooring surface, whereas low concentrations (0.0025, 0.005 and 0.0075 mg AI/cm(2)) resulted in significantly lower mortality levels, ranging from 1.6 to 30.8%, than high concentrations. In the case of ceramic floor tile surface, spinetoram treatments at all tested concentrations did not result in 100% mortality. Significant differences were recorded among the surfaces, depending on concentrations and exposure intervals. After 3-, 5- and 7-day exposure, mortality levels on ceramic floor tile surface were generally higher at low concentrations than those on the concrete and laminate flooring surfaces, whereas those on concrete and laminate flooring surfaces were significantly higher at high concentrations than ceramic floor tile surface. These results indicate that spinetoram at 0.025 and 0.05 mg AI/cm(2) achieve satisfactory control at relatively short exposures on common types of surfaces and thus can be used as an effective insecticide against A. obtectus.Öğe Insecticidal and repellency effects of a Turkish diatomaceous earth formulation (Detech) on adults of three important pests of stored grain(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2022) Sağlam, Özgür; Bayram, Ali; Işıkber, Ali Arda; Şen, Recep; Bozkurt, Hüseyin; Henteş, SongülIn this study, laboratory experiments were conducted in order to assess the insecticidal and repellency effects of a novel Turkish diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation (Detech) on adults of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L., 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val., 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). For the insecticidal activity, bioassays were conducted with soft wheat treated with 0, 600 and 900 ppm of Detech at 25 ?? 1??C and 65 ?? 5% RH and progeny production was assessed after 45 days. For the repellency tests, two-choice tests on mono-layer wheat were conducted at 1,000 ppm of Detech at 25 ?? 1??C and 65 ?? 5% RH. Overall, Detech was effective against T. confusum and S. oryzae adults in wheat, causing 82% to 100% mortality at 600 and 900 ppm after 7 and 14 days exposure. The complete, or almost complete, progeny inhibition of S. oryzae were found at both concentrations, whereas the highest reduction in R. dominica progeny (84%) was obtained at 900 ppm. Detech was highly and moderately repellent to T. confusum and S. oryzae adults, respectively, whereas it had no or low repellency effect on R. dominica adults. In conclusion, Detech, which consists of a mixture of three DE deposits with different diatom frustules has potential for use against stored-grain insect pests as a promising grain protectant. Experiments were conducted in 2020-2021 in Entomology Laboratory of Tekirda?? Nam??k Kemal University and Kahramanmara?? S??t???? ??mam University.Öğe INSECTICIDAL EFFICACY OF TURKISH NOVEL DIATOMACEOUS EARTH FORMULATIONS AGAINST COWPEA WEEVIL Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (COLEOPTERA:CHRYSOMELIDAE:BRUCHNINAE) ON CHICKPEA(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2022) Sağlam, Özgür; Bozkurt, Hüseyin; Şen, Recep; Henteş, Songül; Işıkber, Ali ArdaIn present study, insecticidal efficacy of two newly developed Turkish diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations, Detech (R) and Demite (R), and commercial formulation, Silicosec (R) was tested against cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchninae) adults on chickpea. Biological tests were performed under laboratory conditions (26 +/- 1 degrees C and 65 +/- 5 % r.h.), by exposing 24 h old adults to chickpea grains treated with Detech (R), Demite (R) and Silicosec (R) at six concentrations (500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 mg DE/kg grain) and an untreated control. Adult mortality was assessed after 1, 3, 5 and 7 d of exposure, while number of F1 progeny was assessed after 42 d of DE treatments. Biological tests indicated that only Detech (R) achieved 100% mortality after 1 d of exposure at 2500 ppm, while Detech (R) Demite (R) achieved 100% mortality after 3 d of exposure at >= 1500 ppm and 2500 ppm respectively. Detech (R) achieved 100% mortality after 5 d of exposure at 750 ppm and above DE concentrations while Demite (R) resulted in the 100% mortality at >= 1000 ppm. The efficacy of tested DE formulations ranked in decreasing order of efficacy against C. maculatus: Detech (R)> Demite (R)>Silicosec (R). The complete progeny suppression of C. maculatus was achieved only with Detech (R) treatment at 2500 ppm, while Demite (R) and Silicosec (R) treatments at 2000 and 2500 ppm caused more than 98% progeny suppression. In conclusion, these results suggest that novel Turkish DE formulations, Detech (R) and Demite (R), which consists of a mixture of three DE deposits, consisted of different diatom Pustules has great potential for effectively use against C. maculatus in stored chickpea.Öğe Phosphine Resistance in Turkish Populations of Sitophilus oryzae (L., 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)(Gazi Entomological Research Soc, 2022) Bozkurt, Hüseyin; Işıkber, Ali Arda; Sağlam, ÖzgürIn this study, the status of phosphine resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.,1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations collected from Sanliurfa, Adana and Kahramanmara province in Turkey were investigated by conducting the discriminating concentration tests and the concentration-mortality bioassays. Low (0.04 mg/L) and high (0.20 mg/L) discriminating concentration tests indicated that there was phosphine resistance of S. oryzae. The survival rates of field population of S. oryzae in Sanliurfa, Adana and Kahramanmara ranged from 0 to 99%, 0 to 90% and 0 to 89% at the low discriminating concentration while it ranged from 0 to 83%, 0 to 46.5% and 0 to 28.5% at the high discriminating concentration respectively. Based on 50% mortality level (LC50), the Sanliurfa 4, Adana 7 and Kahramanmara 8 populations were 57.5, 28.9, and 16.3 times more resistant, respectively, than the susceptible population (Kahramanmara 4). In conclusion, this study revealed that phosphine resistance in S. oryzae is high in the examined areas of Turkey and some populations have levels of resistance that may pose challenges to the continued use of phosphine for their management.
