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    Effect of inclination angle on the pull-out strength of bonded anchors installed in low-strength concrete
    (Elsevier, 2023) Cihan, M. Timur; Aydin, Zekeriya; Cinar, Kenan
    Bonded anchors are commonly used in the strengthening of reinforced concrete structures to ensure effective bonding between the existing and new concrete. In chemical-anchor applications, the anchor direction is typically perpendicular to the concrete surface. Most approaches adopted to design chemical anchors assume that the anchor direction is the same as the direction normal to the concrete surface. However, owing to certain requirements or application errors, the anchor direction may differ from the direction normal to the concrete surface. In this study, the effect of the inclination angle on the anchor strength was experimentally investigated. In addition to the inclination angle, the anchor embedment depth and concrete strength were also considered. As the concrete strength is generally lower than the design strength of reinforced concrete buildings that need to be strengthened, low-strength concrete was considered in our analysis. During our analysis, pull-out tests were conducted on 30 samples for five different angles (0 & DEG;, 10 & DEG;, 20 & DEG;, 30 & DEG;, and 40 & DEG;), three embedment depths (64, 96, and 128 mm), and two concrete grades. The results obtained from the experiments were analyzed and statistically evaluated. The analysis revealed that an inclination angle of up to 10 & DEG; did not have a significant effect on the pull-out strength, and the decrease in strength for angles up to 30 & DEG; could be compensated by an increase in the embedment depth. Moreover, some experiments showed that increasing the inclination angle can positively contribute to the energy absorption capacity of the joint.
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    Tensile performance of inclined adhesive anchors in steel fiber-reinforced concrete
    (Ernst & Sohn, 2025) Cihan, Mehmet Timur; Aydin, Zekeriya; Kam, Serkan
    In almost all studies on post-installed anchors in concrete, the anchor direction is perpendicular to the concrete surface. However, the anchor direction may not be perpendicular to the concrete surface due to application errors or requirements. In the study, the effect of inclination angle is examined experimentally for non-perpendicular anchorage to steel fiber-reinforced concrete. Anchor inclination angle (0 degrees, 15 degrees, and 30 degrees), fiber volume fraction (0%, 1.5%, and 3%), and embedment depth (40, 60, and 80 mm) are considered variables. Trial points are decided using the Box-Behnken experimental design approach. An 8 mm diameter deformed steel bar and two-component epoxy acrylate-based chemical adhesive are used for anchorage. Load-displacement curves, ultimate loads, and failure modes are determined through tensile tests. It is concluded that as the fiber fraction increases, failure modes modify and the negative effect of the inclination angle decreases, particularly in cases of small embedment depth.