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Öğe Deficit Irrigation Programs Effects on Yield in Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in Thrace Region Conditions(2023) İstanbulluoğlu, Ahmet; Başer, İsmet; Moray, SametMillets are indigenous to many parts of the world and are more widely grown, especially in areas where water is limited. The most widely grown millet type is sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). A field study was carried out to determine the effect of deficit irrigation regimes on grain yield and seasonal evapotranspiration of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in the Thrace Region of Turkey. The field trials were conducted on a loam Entisol soil, on Öğretmenoğlu and Beydarı, the most popular varieties in the research area. In the study, the split plots experimental design with three replications was used. Eight different irrigation issues are considered, including combinations of the vegetative (V), flowering (F) and grain formation (Y) phases of the plant (including dry conditions, NoI). Results showed that proso millet was significantly affected by water stress during the sensitive flowering stage. The highest grain yield was obtained with 4.09 t ha-1 from Öğretmenoğlu and 4.03 t ha-1 from Beydarı, which was rinsed (VFY) in all development periods. Seasonal irrigation water use and evapotranspiration of the irrigated (VFY) in all development periods were 318 and 579 mm, respectively, for the non- stressed treatment. The seasonal water yield function was calculated as Y = 0.4087 ET + 144.03, and the seasonal yield-water response factor value was calculated as 0.57'.Öğe Edirne-Uzunköprü Yöresindeki Tarımsal İşletmelerde Ortaya Çıkan Hayvansal Atıkların Oluşturduğu Çevresel Sorunların Belirlenmesi(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 2015) Kocaman, İsrafil; İstanbulluoğlu, Ahmet; Kurç, Hüseyin Cömert; Öztürk, G.Tarımsal işletmelerde ortaya çıkan hayvansal atıklar; barınaklarda üretilen kaba gübre ve idrar, yataklık malzemesi olarak kullanılan altlık, süt sağım yerinde oluşan atık sular, gezinti alanında oluşan yüzey akış suları ve silaj depolarından gelen silaj yemi suyundan oluşur. Bu atıkların uygun olmayan alanlarda veya depolarda biriktirilmesi durumunda, koku ve görüntü kirliliğini de kapsayan çevre kirliliği oluşmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında Edirne ili Uzunköprü ilçesine bağlı toplam 45 yerleşim biriminde 135 tarımsal işletme incelenmiş ve işletmelerdeki hayvansal atıkların oluşturduğu çevre sorunları, yerinde yapılan ölçümler, gözlemler ve anket çalışmasıyla belirlenmiş ve çözümüne yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda işletmelerin % 85.2' sinin yerleşim birimlerine kabul edilebilir mesafeden daha yakın (1-500 m) olduğu, % 94.8'inde ise açığa çıkan hayvansal atıkların açık alanlarda rastgele depolandığı tespit edilmiştir. Anılan bölgede yaşayan kişilerin % 91.8'i atıkların görüntüsünden ve çevreye yaydıkları kokudan olumsuz yönde etkilendiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca su kaynaklarından alınan su örneklerinin % 54.5' inde zararsız düzeyde Nitrit (0.06-0.22 mg/l) bulunmasına karşın, % 27.2'sinde aşırı miktarda Koliform bakteri (75-600 kob/100 mİ) saptanmıştır.Öğe Effect of irrigation with maritza and ergene rivers water on soil contamination and heavy metal accumulation in rice crop(National Centre for Agrarian Sciences, 2015) Kocaman, İsrafil; Konukçu, Fatih; İstanbulluoğlu, Ahmet; Albut, SelçukThis research was conducted to investigate the level of contamination in the soil and rice plants irrigated with Maritza and Ergene Rivers’ water contaminated by industrial and domestic wastewater. Whether heavy metal concentrations in the water, soil and plant reached to critical levels was examined. Waters from Maritza River, Ergene River and mixed of Maritza and Ergene Rivers were qualified as the 1st, 4th and 3rd class, respectively, according to the inland water quality classification in terms of heavy metal loads. While Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn concentrations of the soils of all research area were below the critical limit, Ni concentrations of the soil were found to be above the critical limit with the values between 32.1 and 43.8 ppm. Cadmium and Co contents of the soil were very small. As for the plants, heavy metals were mainly concentrated in the roots. Lead concentrations of the rice irrigated by Ergene and mixed of Maritza and Ergene rivers’ water changed between 0.25 and 0.35 ppm, which was above the critical level of 0.2 ppm suggested by Turkish Food Codex. © 2015, National Centre for Agrarian Sciences. All Rights reserved.Öğe Effects of deficit irrigation regimes on the yield and growth of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2010) İstanbulluoğlu, Ahmet; Arslan, Burhan; Göçmen, Erhan; Gezer, Erhan; Paşa, C.Experiments were carried to determine the effect of deficit irrigation regimes on grain and oil yield, seasonal evapotranspiration, yield response to water, water use efficiency and plant growth of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in the Trakya region of Turkey. The experiments were conducted on a clay-loam Entisol soil and the regionally most popular variety of oilseed rape (Bristol) was used. A randomised complete block experimental design with three replications was used. Three well-known growth stages of the plant were considered using a total of 8 (including rain-fed) irrigation treatments. The effect of irrigation and water stress at any stage of development on grain yield, thousand grains weight, oil yield and plant growth components were evaluated. Results showed that oilseed rape was significantly affected by water stress during the sensitive flowering stage. The greatest irrigation and total water use efficiency for grain yield were 71.6 and 7.7 kg ha(-1)mm(-1) respectively, when the crop was irrigated once after flowering. Therefore, under conditions of water scarcity, such as occurs in the Trakya region of Turkey, if irrigation is to be applied only once, then at the flowering stage is preferable. However, when water from winter precipitation is stored sufficiently in the soil profile and regular rainfall occurs until mid-April, deficit irrigation omitting irrigation at the flowering stage (yield formation and ripening) will lead to a loss of yield. The highest yield was obtained from the treatments that were not stressed during the flowering, yield formation and ripening stages. Seasonal irrigation water use and evapotranspiration were 251 and 715 mm, respectively, for the non-stressed treatment. Oilseed grain yield from this treatment was 4.80 t ha(-1). The seasonal yield response factor value was 0.87 (coefficient of determination, R-2 = 0.71). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE.Öğe Effects of Deficit Irrigation Regimes on Yield and Growth Components of Winter Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.)(Natl Agricultural Research & Development Inst, 2016) Kocaman, İsrafil; İstanbulluoğlu, Ahmet; Konukçu, FatihA field study was carried out in order to determine the effect of deficit irrigation regimes on grain yield, seasonal evapotranspiration and plant growth components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Thrace Region of Turkey. The field trials were conducted on a clay loam EntisoI soil, on Dincer, the most popular variety in the research area. A randomised complete block design with three replications was used. Combination of three well-known growth stages of the plant, namely vegetative (V), flowering (F) and yield formation (Y) were considered to form a total of 8 (including rain fed) irrigation treatments. The effect of irrigation and water stress at any stage of development on grain yield per hectare, thousand grains weight, and plant growth components were evaluated. Results showed that safflower was significantly affected by water stress during the sensitive vegetative stage. The highest yield was obtained in VFY treatment. Seasonal irrigation water use and evapotranspiration were 367 and 857 mm, respectively, for the non-stressed treatment. Safflower grain yield of this treatment was 3.68 t ha(-1) and weight of thousand grains was 46 g. The seasonal yield-water response factor value was 0.94. The total water use eff iciency was 4.3 kg ha(-1) mm(-1).Öğe Effects of irrigation regimes on yield and water productivity of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Mediterranean climatic conditions(Elsevier, 2009) İstanbulluoğlu, AhmetA field study was carried out in order to determine the effect of deficit irrigation regimes on grain yield and seasonal evapotranspiration of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Thrace Region of Turkey. The field trials were conducted on a loam Entisol soil, on Dincer, the most popular variety in the research area. A randomised complete block design with three replications was used. Combination of four well-known growth stages of the plant, namely vegetative (V-a), late vegetative (V-b), flowering (F) and yield formation (Y) were considered to form a total of 16 (including rain fed) irrigation treatments. The effect of irrigation and water stress at any stage of development on grain yield per hectare and 1000 kernels weight was evaluated. Results showed that safflower was significantly affected by water stress during the sensitive late vegetative stage. The highest yield was obtained in VaVbFY treatment. Seasonal irrigation water use and evapotranspiration were 501 and 721 mm, respectively, for the non-stressed treatment. Safflower grain yield of this treatment was 5.22 Mg ha(-1) and weight of 1000 kernels was 55 g. The seasonal yield-water response factor value was 0.87. The total water use efficiency was 7.2 kg ha(-1) mm(-1). Irrigation schedule of the non-stressed treatment may be as follows: the first irrigation is at the vegetative stage, when after 40-50 days from sowing/elongation and branching stage, that is the end of May; the second irrigation is at the late vegetative stage, after 70-80 days from sowing/heading stage, that is in the middle of June; the third irrigation is at the flowering stage, approximately 50% level, that is the first half of July; and the fourth irrigation is at the yield formation stage, seed filling, that is the last week of July. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of water stress at different development stages on yield and water productivity of winter and summer safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)(Elsevier, 2009) İstanbulluoğlu, Ahmet; Göçmen, Erhan; Gezer, Erhan; Paşa, C.; Konukçu, FatihA field study was carried out to determine the effects of water stress imposed at different development stages on grain yield, seasonal evapotranspiration, crop-water relationships, yield response to water and water use efficiency of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for winter and summer sowing. The field trials were conducted on a loam Entisol soil in Thrace Region in Turkey, using Dincer, the most popular safflower variety in the research area. A randomised complete block design with three replications was used. Three known growth stages of the plant were considered and a total of 8 (including rainfed) irrigation treatments were applied. The effect of irrigation or water stress at any stage of development on grain yield per hectare and 1000 kernel weight, was evaluated. Results of this study showed that safflower was significantly affected by water shortage in the soil profile due to omitted irrigation during the sensitive vegetative stage. The highest yield was observed in the fully irrigated control and was higher for winter sowing than for summer sowing. Evapotranspiration calculated for non-stressed production was 728 and 673 mm for winter and summer sowing, respectively. Safflower grain yield of the fully irrigated treatments was 4.05 and 3.74 t ha(-1) for winter and summer season, respectively. The seasonal yield response factor was 0.97 and 0.81 for winter and summer sowing, respectively. The highest total water use efficiency was obtained in the treatment irrigated only at vegetative stage while the lowest value was observed when the crop was irrigated only at yield stage. As conclusions: (i) winter sowing is suggested; (ii) if deficit irrigation is to apply at only one or two stages, Y stage or Y and F stages should be omitted, respectively. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of the Efficiency of Some Methods Used in the Estimation of Basin Water Yield(Muhammed Cüneyt BAĞDATLI, 2021) Göçmen, Erhan; İstanbulluoğlu, AhmetComputing flood discharge of a watershed reliably is of great importance in the design of hydraulic structures. Many empirical methods used for this purpose produce different results. Therefore, methods taking regional climatic conditions and watershed characteristics should be employed. In this study, effectiveness of unitless Turc, Mc Math and Rational methods were investigated through comparing the calculated surface run off from these methods to the directly measured values and also calculated values of an individual methods to those of the others. Using Turc Method, which also includes coefficient suggested for the regional similar sub-basins, water yields were underestimated in comparison to the other methods. Having considered all the calculated and measured results, empirical methods with the new optimised coefficients representing the regional conditions were suggested in order to build reliable hydraulic structures and their spillways. In this way, total cost will be decreased and, on the top of that, the lives and properties will be secured.Öğe Mrrssw/Model of Rainfall-Runoff in Small Sub-Watershed(Scibulcom Ltd, 2013) İstanbulluoğlu, Ahmet; Konukçu, Fatih; Kocaman, İsrafil; Albut, Selçuk; Şener, M.; Sağlam, M.A hydrologic model called MRRSSW (or KAHYAM in Turkish) was developed to simulate surface runoff of small watershed, which small earth dams may be built on its creeks to store storm water during rainy season and make this water available in dry season. The model computes monthly surface runoff rates employing daily rainfall data. Curve number method of Soil Conservation Service (1972) is used to simulate surface runoff amounts whereas the Blaney and Criddle equation (1950) is used to calculate evapotranspiration. The developed model was tested in 2 small watersheds, namely, Kirklareli-Vize and Istanbul-Catalca-Damlica creeks. Comparison of the simulated surface runoff values with the long-term directly measured data revealed that the model simulated the runoff precisely in the months with relatively smaller surface runoff. However, it slightly over-predicted the runoff amounts in November and December when relatively higher runoff rates occurred. It was concluded that the model can be safely applied in similar small sub-basins to simulate rainfall-runoff relationship with an acceptable deviation.Öğe Probable water crisis in Thrace and Istanbul in the near future and a sustainable strategy to overcome it(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007) Albut, Selçuk; İstanbulluoğlu, Ahmet; Konukçu, Fatih; Kocaman, İsrafilThe Thrace Region of Turkey, a passageway from Asia to Europe, which includes the most populated city of Istanbul, is threatened by a water crisis in the very near future. The population of Istanbul alone is forecast to reach 30 millions by the year 2025, requiring 3 billion m(3) of water, nearly equal to the total fresh water resources of the region, 3.4 billion m(3). In this study, we consider not only the proportion of the available water resources to be allocated for each competing sector, civil, agriculture and industry, but also attempt to outline integrated water management strategies for each sector. The potential of small earth reservoirs, more than 1,500 in number, is emphasised as a way to develop fresh water resources. Water saving policies in the cities and ethics for water use are also briefly discussed.Öğe Tekirdağ Koşullarında Farklı Sulama Seviyelerinin Kapya Biberin (Capsicum Annum Cv. Kapija) Verim ve Verim Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkileri(Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty, 2020) Azder, G.; Göçmen, Erhan; İstanbulluoğlu, AhmetThis study was conducted in 2016 and 2017, where the effects of different irrigation levels on the water use characteristics and yield parameters of capia pepper were investigated in Tekirdag conditions. The study was carried out by applying four different irrigation levels calculated from the evaporation value (50%, 75%, 100%, and 125%) measured from the Class A evaporation pan in the 3-day irrigation period. In the first year of the research, all treatments were between 351.9 and 857.1 mm and irrigation water was applied 33 times. In the second year of the experiment, irrigation was applied 34 times and the amount of irrigation water applied was between 308.5 and 748.8 mm. As a result of the research, the evapotranspiration amount measured during the plant growing season in treatments were measured between 457 and 935.5 mm in 2016 and between 469 and 889 mm in 2017. When the yield values obtained were examined, the yield values increased with the increase in the amount of irrigation water. In particular, I1 and I2 have come to the forefront as a result of statistical analysis performed at yield values (38.42 t ha-1 and 34.95 t ha-1 respectively). While no difference was observed in terms of fruit width, the values ranged between 4,89 cm and 4,38 cm. According to the fruit length data, differences were determined between the years and 2017 was included in the highest statistics group. According to variance analysis of fruit length values, there was no difference between irrigation treatments and the measurement results were determined to vary between 13.40 cm and 14.46 cm. When the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values were examined, significant differences were detected both between the years and between irrigation treatments and it was seen that the I4 treatment came to the fore. IWUE values were obtained as 4.84 (I1), 5.47 (I2), 5.27 (I3), 6.19 (I4) kg m-3, according to irrigation treatments. When the water use efficiency (WUE) values were examined in the experiment, it was determined that the values ranged between 4.16 and 4.56 kg m-3 and were not statistically significant. © 2020 Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All rights reserved.Öğe The effects of deficit irrigation regimes on yield andgrowth components of winter safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)(National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea., 2016) Kocaman, İsrafil; İstanbulluoğlu, Ahmet; Konukçu, FatihA field study was carried out in order to determine the effect of deficit irrigation regimes on grain yield, seasonal evapotranspiration and plant growth components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Thrace Region of Turkey. The field trials were conducted on a clay loam Entisol soil, on Dincer, the most popular variety in the research area. A randomised complete block design with three replications was used. Combination of three well-known growth stages of the plant, namely vegetative (V), flowering (F) and yield formation (Y) were considered to form a total of 8 (including rain fed) irrigation treatments. The effect of irrigation and water stress at any stage of development on grain yield per hectare, thousand grains weight, and plant growth components were evaluated. Results showed that safflower was significantly affected by water stress during the sensitive vegetative stage. The highest yield was obtained in VFY treatment. Seasonal irrigation water use and evapotranspiration were 367 and 857 mm, respectively, for the non-stressed treatment. Safflower grain yield of this treatment was 3.68 t ha-1 and weight of thousand grains was 46 g. The seasonal yield-water response factor value was 0.94. The total water use efficiency was 4.3 kg ha-1 mm-1. © 2016, Romanian Agricultural Research. All right reserved.Öğe Trakya Bölgesi İçme ve Kullanma Suyu İhtiyacının Belirlenmesi(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 2007) İstanbulluoğlu, Ahmet; Konukcu, Fatih; Kocaman, İsrafil; Göçmen, ErhanBu çalışmada Trakya Bölgesinin kent ve kır insanı ile onun hayvan varlığının gelecekte ihtiyacı olan içme ve kullanma suyu miktarının, bilimsel bir perspektifle saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için bölgenin gelecekteki nüfus projeksiyonları yapılarak, gerekli su ihtiyaçları tahmin edilmiştir. Hesaplamalara göre 2020, 2030, 2040 ve 2050 yılları için toplam içme ve kullanma suyu miktarları sırasıyla 1.45, 1.94, 2.58 ve 3.44 km3 olarak bulunmuştur. Artan nüfus ve aldığı göçler nedeniyle içme ve kullanma suyuna olan talebin hızla artması yanında, tarımın ve yoğun endüstrileşmenin ihtiyaç duyduğu su miktarı da dikkate alındığında, bölgenin toplam tatlı su potansiyeli olan 4.0 km3 suyun çok yetersiz kalacağı ve şimdiden önlem alınmadığı taktirde büyük su krizlerinin yaşanacağı öngörülmektedir. Olası küresel iklim değişikliğinin su kaynaklarına olan etkileri de dikkate alındığında çok vahim bir durum ortaya çıkmaktadır. Su krizini aşmak amacıyla kamu kurum ve kuruluşları ile sivil toplum örgütlerinin birlikte stratejiler geliştirerek uygulamaya geçirmeleri önerilmiştir.Öğe Uzun yıllık yağış verilerinin trend analizi ile değerlendirilmesi: Tekirdağ Çorlu ilçesi uygulaması(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 2013) İstanbulluoğlu, Ahmet; Bağdatlı, Muhammed Cüneyt; Arslan, C.Türkiye kısa veya uzun süreli iklim değişkenliklerinin yaşanabileceği riskli ülkelerden birisini oluşturmaktadır (Türkeş ve ark. 2002). iklimde meydana gelen salınımlar vejetasyon süresinin farklılaşması, arazi bozulması ve kuraklığa bağlı tarımsal üretimin azalması gibi diğer ciddi problemlere yol açabilmektedir. Ayrıca, ekstrem ve beklenmedik iklim değişkenlikleri su kaynakları üzerinde büyük bir baskı oluşturmaktadır, iklim elemanları içerisinde zaman ve mekân bakımından en fazla değişkenlik gösteren parametre yağış miktarı olup, bu yönde izlenen artış ve azalışlar iklim değişimine yönelik en önemli kanıt özelliği taşımaktadır (Türkeş 1996). Bu çalışmada Tekirdağ Çorlu ilçesine ait 1970-2010 yılları arasındaki uzun yıllık yağış değerlerinin zamansal olarak değişim durumunun izlenmesi amacıyla Trend analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Devlet Meteoroloji işleri kayıtlarından temin edilen uzun yıllık yağış verileri aylık, mevsimsel ve yıllık bazda incelenmiş ve bölgede yağışların uzun yıllar bazında herhangi bir trendine rastlanmamış olduğu ve yağış gidişatının normal bir seyir düzeyinde takip ettiği ortaya konulmuştur.Öğe Water-Yield Relationships of Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrid (Sorghum bicolour-Sorghum sudanense) in Tekirdag Conditions(Univ Namik Kemal, 2022) Moray, Samet; İstanbulluoğlu, AhmetThis research was carried in Thrace Region of Turkey (40 degrees 59' K - 2T34' D; 20 m) experiment area in 2018-2019 years in order to determine water-yield relationships of Sorghum-Sudan Grass Hybrid (Sorghum Bicolor-Sorghum Sudanence). In the study, which was planned with three replications according to the trial pattern of random parcels using Sorghum Sudan grass hybrid seed, eight different irrigation treatments were sawed following the form when the plant height reached an average of 95-105 cm. These have been irrigated and rain-fed following some saw and irrigated and rain-fed after all saws. According to the results of the research, the highest yield of green weed, 5.03 and 5.02 t da(-1) were obtained from the treatments irrigated (III) following all the saws and irrigated (ITO) following the first two saws, respectively. Although the irrigation has an important effect on the increase in yield after the first saw, it has been observed that irrigation will be sufficient following the first two saws, the irrigation is not effective in the yield increase after the second or third saw, and there is no need for irrigation after the third saw. If a single irrigation is required, this should be done following the first saw. Treatments RI and 001) that were not irrigated in the second saws period but third saws were irrigated, irrigation applied has not been as it could not reach the harvest size. In the non-irrigated treatment (000) could not reach harvest size in the third saw periods. Under Tekirdag conditions, Sorghum Sudan grass hybrid plant was found to be unsuitable for dry farming. The relationship between seasonal evapotranspiration and green weed yield was statistically significant (p <= 0.01) and it can be defined by equation of Y= 5.06 ET + 2043.3 (r = 0.82**). Again, for the total growing season, the water yield responce factor (ky) between evapotranspiration and green weed yield was calculated as 0.66.Öğe Yüzme Havuzlarının Su Kullanımındaki Yeri ve Önemi: Tekirdağ Örneği(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 2016) Ünver, Erol; İstanbulluoğlu, AhmetBu çalışma, Tekirdağ il merkezindeki yüzme havuzlarının su kullanımındaki yeri ve harcanan suyun miktarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tekirdağ il merkezinde bulunan 37 adet tatlı su kullanan açık yüzme havuzu bu araştırma kapsamında değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Araştırmada temsilen seçilen bir örnek yüzme havuzunda; birim alandan buharlaşma ile sistemden diğer kaybolan ve sisteme ilave edilen su miktarları ölçülmüştür. Örnek yüzme havuzunda elde edilen ölçüm sonuçları, diğer yüzme havuzları ile oranlama yapılarak toplam buharlaşma, sistem kayıpları ve sisteme ilave edilen su miktarları belirlenmiştir.Tüm yüzme havuzlarının toplam su yüzey alanı 8.960 m2 ve su hacmi 14.875 m3 olarak ölçülmüştür. Yüzme havuzlarının yıllık toplam su tüketimi 39.944,9 m3 olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplumun yaşam standartlarının yükselmesiyle birlikte yüzme havuzlarına olan talep, sınırlı tatlı su kaynaklarının tüketiminde yeni bir paydaş ortaya çıkarmaktadır.
